The synthesis of enantiopure molecules from achiral precursors without the need for pre-existing chirality is a major challenge associated with the origin of life. We here show that an enantiopure product can be obtained from achiral starting materials in a single organic reaction. An essential characteristic of this reaction is that the chiral product precipitates from the solution, introducin...

This research concerns the comparison of three different artificial evolution approaches for the design of cooperative behavior in a group of simulated mobile robots. The first and second approaches, termed: single pools and plasticity, are characterized by robots that share a single genotype, though the plasticity approach includes a learning mechanism. The third approach, termed: multiple poo...

Due to growing needs of human society, it is expected that in future robots needs to interact with humans in a more collaborative way. To maximize potential for such interactions, different robots are being developed which imitate characteristics of human body. But still we don’t have any standard technique to control such robots. To solve this problem, development robotics explores mechanism o...

Single neuron actions and interactions are the sine qua non of brain function, and nearly all diseases and injuries of the CNS trace their clinical sequelae to neuronal dysfunction or failure. Remarkably, discussion of neuronal activity is largely absent in clinical neuroscience. Advances in neurotechnology and computational capabilities, accompanied by shifts in theoretical frameworks, have le...

QDT 2004 uccessful osseointegration and function have traditionally been the main goals of implant therapy. However, successful osseointegration does not automatically lead to an optimal esthetic result, and inadequate treatment planning may severely compromise the esthetic result regardless of biologic and functional integration. Exact replication of the natural dentition, maintenance of a har...

The classical theory of enzymatic inhibition aims to quantitatively describe the effect of certain molecules—called inhibitors—on the progression of enzymatic reactions, but growing signs indicate that it must be revised to keep pace with the single-molecule revolution that is sweeping through the sciences. Here, we take the single enzyme perspective and rebuild the theory of enzymatic inhibiti...

BACKGROUND Cough on emergence has been reported as a common adverse reaction with sugammadex reversal. We investigated if staggering the dose of sugammadex will reduce emergence cough in a single-center, randomized, double-blinded study. METHODS A hundred and twenty ASA 1-3 adults were randomly reversed with 1 mg/kg sugammadex prior to extubation followed by another 1 mg/kg immediately after ...

Several behaviors of living things seem to be consequences of combinations of simple reflexes. By this hypothesis, emergence of walk of a quadruped robot is demonstrated by a combination of two reflexes in this paper. One reflex is to move its body according to movement of a target object which the robot gaze at, a vision-cued swaying reflex. The other is a gait reflex, a gait of a free leg so ...

seedling characteristics of different sunflower (helianthus annus l.) cultivars under drought stress and inoculation with the azospirillum lipoferum in a spilt-factorial layout based on randomized complete block design with three replications were evaluated. treatments included dehydration stress (seed produced on maternal plants which irrigated after 60 (desirable irrigation), 120 (medium stre...