For the embryo to successfully complete development it must be capable of executing its developmental program within a microenvironment largely established by the mother. Mortality results either because of intrinsic defects within the embryo, an inadequate maternal environment, asynchrony between embryo and mother, or failure of the mother to respond appropriately to embryonic signals. To some...

introduction: to evaluate the camp -mediated ibmx (3-isobutyle -1-methyl xanthin) and db-camp (dibutyryl camp) effects on differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hescs) into nerve cells were the objectives of this study. methods: we have used royan h1 hesc- derived embryoid bodies with four treatment groups: six days treatment with ibmx (5×10 -4m) and db-camp (10 -9m) (referred to as cam...

Inbred strains of mice are powerful models for understanding human pregnancy complications. For example, the exclusive mating of CBA/J females to DBA/2J males increases fetal resorption to 20-35% with an associated decline in placentation and maintenance of maternal Th1 immunity. More recently other complications of pregnancy, IUGR and preeclampsia, have been reported in this model. The aim of ...

BACKGROUND A large number of studies in postcopulatory sexual selection use paternity success as a proxy for fertilization success. However, selective mortality during embryonic development can lead to skews in paternity in situations of polyandry and sperm competition. Thus, when assessment of paternity fails to incorporate mortality skews during early ontogeny, this may interfere with correct...

Proposed offshore windfarm sites could overlap with the brooding and spawning habitats of commercially important crustacea, including European lobster, Homarus gammarus Edible crab, Cancer pagurus. Concerns have been raised on biological effects Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) emitted from subsea power cables early life history these species. In this study, ovigerous female H. C. pagurus were exp...

To maximise productivity, a better understanding of the underlying causes subfertility that lead to inferior offspring and high mortality is imperative. In decapod crustaceans, most research has focused on female reproductive performance, with little attention given male fertility. Paternal genetic contribution critical both successful embryonic post-embryonic development. Assessment sperm qual...