Gustav Jacob Born was an experimental embryologist whose original work with amphibians [5] served as the platform for his wax-plate method [6] of embryo modeling, heteroblastic (different tissues) and xenoplastic (similar species) transplantation methods, environmental influences on sex ratio studies, and proposed function of the corpus luteum [7]. He was born 22 April 1851 in Kempen, Prussia, ...

BACKGROUND The moral status of the human embryo is particularly controversial in the United States, where one debate has centered on embryos created in excess at in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. Little has been known about the disposal of these embryos. METHODS We mailed anonymous, self-administered questionnaires to directors of 341 American IVF clinics. RESULTS 217 of 341 clinics (64...

Ernest Everett Just (1883-1941) was an African American embryologist of international standing whose research interests lay in the area of fertilization and early development in marine invertebrates. Perhaps best known for his discovery of the dynamical and structural blocks to polyspermy that sweep over the egg upon fertilization, E. E. Just also was the first to associate cell surface changes...

This atlas presents cross-sectional anatomy of human embryos from the first to eighth weeks of life, the time period when most structural relationships are made and most major teratologic changes will have occurred. It is an area of embryology that is not readily accessible from an illustrative standpoint. This volume is an excellent attempt to correct this deficiency. The method of presentatio...

Curiosity about the mysterious workings of embryos fuels the research of embryologist Edward M. De Robertis (also known as Eddy), who was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2013. His isolation of genes that control head-to-tail and backto-belly patterning in early frog and mouse embryos led to the discovery that animal development is controlled by an ancient genetic toolkit. De Robe...

This paper sketches the early history of pituitary apoplexy, a disorder later fully described in 1950 by Brougham, Heusner and Adams. Haemorrhage or necrosis in an adenoma causes a characteristic sudden drowsiness, stupor or coma, headache and stiff neck, ocular palsy, and impaired acuity with visual field loss owing to optic nerve or chiasmal compression. The associated endocrinopathy and mana...

Emanuel Edward Klein (1844 - 1925) was a British microbiologist of Croatian origin. He was born in Osijek in what is currently the Republic of Croatia and which was then part of the Habsburg Monarchy, he completed his medical studies in Vienna in 1869, and went on to spend his entire career in London. Although trained as an anatomist, embryologist and histologist, his main area of research was ...

Jane Marion Oppenheimer [5], embryologist and historian of science and medicine, was born on 19 September 1911 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Sylvia Stern and James H. Oppenheimer. After studying zoology at Bryn Mawr College [6], Oppenheimer received her AB degree in 1932. Oppenheimer received her PhD in embryology [7] at Yale University [8] in 1935 and worked as a research fellow from 1935?...

Tissue from the posterior margin of the developing limb bud, when grafted to the anterior margin, evokes the formation of a mirror-image limb duplication from the host tissue. We present maps of the spatial and temporal distribution of this signalling activity in the chick wing bud based on a bioassay that provides a quantitative measure of the completeness of the additional structures (the str...

THE reciprocal effect of two neighbouring structures of different origins on each other during development is of considerable interest to the embryologist. Such a relationship exists between the columella auris and the auditory capsule in the vicinity of the fenestra ovalis. This particular relationship, in addition, embraces an aspect of fundamental importance to the morphologist viz. the poss...