In this paper, we describe two diierent learning tasks for relational structures. When learning a classiier for structures, the rela-tional structures in the training sets are clas-siied as a whole. Contrarily, when learning a context dependent classiier for elementary objects, the elementary objects of the rela-tional structures in the training set are clas-siied. In general, the class of an e...

A concise review of the most recent major achievements of elementary-particle physics is given. The successes and problems of gauge theories of the strong and electroweak interactions are discussed. A comparison is made of the possible alternatives in the development of physics in the transition to laboratory energies of the order of a tera-electron-volt. Models of grand unification and superun...

A new view on quantum gravity is presented, among others a new step toward quantization of gravity is presented. A model is also developed, where the elementary particles are black holes. This disagrees with the Higgs mechanism. An explanation is also shown why three space dimensions exist, and what is uncertainty of masses of black holes. A new view on consciousness theory is shown. Regardless...

We discuss a numerical relation between the cosmological constant Λ [1] and the vacuum energy arising from the Casimir effect [2]. Many recent theories of the elementary particles invoke the existence of extra dimensions, beyond the familiar 4-dimensional space-time manifold. Often these extra dimensions are compact and have a finite range. In a particular model [3] the range R is of the order ...

We propose a derivation of the empirical Weinberg relation for the mass of an elementary particle and in an inflationary type of universe. Our derivation produces the standard well known Weinberg relation for the mass of an elementary particle, along with an extra term which depends on the inflationary potential, as well as Hubble’s constant. The derivation is based on Zeldovich’s result for th...

Uniting the usually distinct areas of particle physics and quantum field theory, gravity and general relativity, this expansive and comprehensive textbook of fundamental and theoretical physics describes the quest to consolidate the basic building blocks of nature, by journeying through contemporary discoveries in the field, and analyzing elementary particles and their interactions. Designed fo...

Over the last few decades, astronomers and cosmologists have accumulated vast amounts of data clearly demonstrating that our current theories of fundamental particles and of gravity are inadequate to explain the observed discrepancy between the dynamics and the distribution of the visible matter in the Universe. The Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) proposal aims at solving the problem by post...

Talk of whether there exists a fundamental basis to the world pervades contemporary metaphysics. Increasingly prominent in the metaphysics literature are arguments as to whether the world resolves itself into a set of fundamental objects or whether, on the contrary, each object is composed of more fundamental objects ad infinitum.1 But there is a school of thought that takes it that, whatever i...

In the present work the detection, by means of a nondemolition measurement, of a Yukawa term, coexisting simultaneously with gravity, has been considered. In other words, a nondemolition variable for the case of a particle immersed in a gravitational field containing a Yukawa term is obtained. Afterwards the continuous monitoring of this nondemolition parameter is analyzed, the corresponding pr...

We discuss the conditions under which classically conformally invariant models in four dimensions can arise out of non-conformal (Einstein) gravity. As an ‘existence proof’ that this is indeed possible we show how to derive N = 4 super Yang Mills theory with any compact gauge group G from non-conformal gauged N = 4 supergravity as a special flat space limit. We stress the role that the anticipa...