I consider certain renormalization effects in curved spacetime quantum field theory. In the very early universe these effects resemble those of a cosmological constant, while in the present universe they give rise to a significant finite renormalization of the gravitational constant. The relevant renormalization term and its relation to elementary particle masses was first found by Parker and T...

It is shown that electrons and photons can be considered as composities of particles belonging to the fundamental representations of the extended Lorentz group SU(3) ⊗ SU(3) in (8+1) dimensional space-time which are held together by force mediated by gauge particles belonging to the regular representation of this group. In this theory, spin states of electron, positron and photon form a 8⊗8 rep...

1. Abstract The most fundamental to the elementary particle is the mass they posses and it would be of importance to explore a possible relationship amongst their masses. Here, an attempt is made to investigate this important aspect irrespective of their nature or scheme of classification. We show that there exists a striking tendency for successive mass differences between elementary particles...

Contents Introduction ix 1 Theoretical Aspects 1 1. 8 Summary and Conclusion 163 List of Tables II List of Figures VI Bibliography VII Acknowledgements XIV vii Contents viii Introduction During the last decades, particle physicists have studied the tiniest building blocks of matter – the quarks and the leptons – and the forces between them in great detail. From these experiments, a theoretical ...

1 Overview The discovery of dark matter is of fundamental importance to cosmology, astrophysics, and elementary particle physics. A broad range of observations from the rotation speed of stars in ordinary galaxies to the gravitational lensing of superclusters tell us that 80–90% of the matter in the universe is in some new form, different from ordinary particles , that does not emit or absorb l...

We give detailed predictions for the spectral signatures arising from photon-particle oscillations in astrophysical objects. The calculations include quantum electrodynamic effects as well as those due to active relativistic plasma. We show that, by studying the spectra of compact sources, it may be possible to directly detect (pseudo)scalar particles, such as the axion, with much greater sensi...

The photon is one of the fundamental gauge bosons of the Standard Model without self-couplings and without intrinsic structure. It couples to any kind of charged particle, which allows it to fluctuate directly into fermion-antifermion pairs and into bound states, vector mesons, which have the same spin-parity (J = 1−−) as the photon. Photon-photon interactions therefore become possible through ...

A calculation by E.D.Jones of the cosmological mass scale for the phase transition from pre-geometric to physical description as about 5 Tev could be interpreted as a prediction of an effective threshold for novel physical effects in particle-particle collisions. PACS numbers: 95.35.+d, 98.80 Qc, 98.80 Bp To be submitted to Physical Review D as a brief report ∗Work supported by Department of En...

Approximate solutions for the gluon and ghost propagators as well as the running coupling in Landau gauge Yang–Mills theories are presented. These propagators obtained from the corresponding Dyson–Schwinger equations are in remarkable agreement with those of recent lattice calculations. The resulting running coupling possesses an infrared fixed point, αS(0) = 8.92/Nc for all gauge groups SU(Nc)...