Heavy metals released into the surface and ground water has been a major preoccupation for many years because of their increased discharge, acute toxicity, non-biodegradable nature and tendency for bioaccumulation [1-3]. Iron a common contaminant enters the water bodies through effluents of industries such as electroplating, mining, steel processing etc. The presence of Fe (II) in water results...

A novel method combined theoretical and experimental study for environmental friendly silver electroplating was introduced. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were employed for predicting the behaviour and function of the complexing agents. Electronic properties, orbital information, and single point energies of the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMH), nicotinic acid (...

ss as: Sa t bark. Abstract Biosorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions by modified loquat bark waste (MLB) has been investigated in a batch biosorption process. The biosorbent MLB was characterized by FTIR analysis. The extent of biosorption of Ni(II) ions was found to be dependent on solution pH, initial nickel ions concentration, biosorbent dose, contact time, and temperature. The exper...

A flip-chip, batch transfer process for LIthographie, Galvanoformung and Abformung (LIGA) microstructures has been demonstrated by selective electroplating and bonding. Single layer LIGA microstructures with thickness of 200 m are fabricated on a dummy substrate first. They are then batch transferred to an IC substrate by means of bonding via electroplating. After the selective bonding process,...

A real time image-guided electroplating system is proposed in this paper. Unlike previous electroplating systems, instead of using the intermittent mode to electroplate 500um long copper specimen, a CCD camera and a motion controller are used to adjust anode-cathode distance to obtain better results. Since the image of the gap distance is highly deteriorated due to complex chemical-electrical o...

Metal deposition by electroplating has been extensively used and analyzed for industrial applications, but it remains insufficiently characterized for fabricating compliant micromechanisms. This research presents a new fabrication process for heterogeneous optimized compliant mechanisms that consists of placing two materials side by side as opposed to the convention of stacking materials layer ...