A thin-film electrochemical sensor electrode capable of electrolytic conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, and temperature measurements of electrolyte solutions has been fabricated and characterized. The electrode fabrication and calibration is detailed, showing accuracies of 6 % for electrolytic conductivity measurements over the range of 0.1–100 mS cm 1 and temperature measurement within 2 C from...

Pure water does not conduct electricity, but any solvated ionic species would contribute to conduction of electricity. An ionically conducting solution is called an electrolyte solution and the compound, which produces the ions as it dissolves, is called an electrolyte. A strong electrolyte is a compound that will completely dissociate into ions in water. Correspondingly, a weak electrolyte dis...

The compatibility between polymer and surfactant solutions is the main parameter for the optimisation of this combination method. In order to obtain the sufficient viscosity and the low interfacial tension of these solutions, it is necessary to know the conditions under which the different additives are compatible. We have studied the monophase to diphase transition of the system, the critical ...

We study the electrohydrodynamics of the Debye screening layer that arises in an aqueous binary solution near a planar insulating wall when applying a spatially modulated ac voltage. Combining this with first order perturbation theory we establish the governing equations for the full nonequilibrium problem and obtain analytic solutions in the bulk for the pressure and velocity fields of the ele...

Many chemists are not familiar with the problem of the liquid junction potential (LJP) between electrolyte solutions in different solvents. Some even misunderstand it. Therefore, it seems worthwhile to write a review article on this subject. The LJP between electrolyte solutions in different solvents consists of three components: i.e., (a) a component related to electrolyte concentrations and i...

I N T R O D U C T I O N The palatal chemoreceptors of the carp display a rather peculiar type of response to varying concentrations of electrolytes (Konishi and Niwa, 1964). Dilute solutions of salts, especially those with polyvalent anions such as Na3citrate and Na 2 HP04 , produced strong responses. However, an increase in concentration depressed receptor activity, although the activity incre...

The preparation of parchment supported inorganic precipitate lead tungstate model membrane has been explained. The membrane potentials of inorganic membrane were measured with uni-univalent electrolytes (KCl, NaCl and LiCl) using saturated calomel electrodes (SCEs). The TMS method was used for the evaluation of the effective fixed charge density of the membrane. The order of surface charge dens...

A hydrogel was prepared by crosslinking aqueous solutions of sulfonated polyacrylamide/chromium triacetate for use in water shut off operations. Gel swelling and the effects of salinity, injection time and flow rate on residual resistance factor (Frr) were investigated. In the presence of electrolytes, gel swelling decreased by about 80%. Results showed that oil permeability increased as inject...

The extended universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) model is a thermodynamic model for solutions containing electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. The model is a Gibbs excess function consisting of a Debye–Hückel term and a standard UNIQUAC term. The model only requires binary ion-specific interaction parameters. A unique choice of standard states makes the model able to reproduce solid–liquid, vapor–liq...

1. These experiments confirm the conclusion that protein solutions are true solutions consisting of isolated ions and molecules, and that these solutions may or may not contain in addition solid submicroscopic particles capable of occluding water. 2. The typical influence of electrolytes on the osmotic pressure of protein solutions is due to the isolated protein ions since these alone are capab...