Electrochemically generated iron can remove most contaminants present in water and wast water, by precipitation, adsorption, electrostatic interaction, and complex formation (generally called electrocoagulation-EC). In the present paper, pretreatment of brackish water having high total hardness (TH), alkalinity (A),  and Cl¯ ions, is studied by application of a DC-electrical current ot the ...

In this research, the efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment process using iron and aluminum electrodes to treat synthetic wastewater containing Reactive Red 24 (RR 24) was studied. The effects of parameters such as current density, pH, type of electrolyte, initial dye concentration, electrolyte concentration, temperature, and inter electrode distance on dye removal efficiency were investig...

Enzymatic biofuel cells have many great usages as a small power source for medical and environmental applications. In this paper, we employed carboxylated multiwall carbon nanotube- (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) imide) ionic liquid nanocomposite on two different electrodes (glassy carbon and carbon felt) for immobilizing alcohol dehydrogenase. The properties of the...

Nanoparticles of ytterbium tungstate prepared through the direct addition of an Yb3+ solution to a tungstate solution, were computed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Further the supercapacitive characteristics of the nanoparticles, as a potential material for constructing electrodes, were eval...

(A) BAND ELECTRODE ARRAY (B) CIRCUMFERENTIAL SPOT (C) LONGITUDINAL SPOT ELECTRODE ARRAY ELECTRODE ARRAY FIGUBE 1. Four terminal systems for the measurement of thoracic impedance. A. Flexible metal electrodes encircling neck and thorax. 50 kHz constant sinusoidal current (1 mA rms) was applied to electrodes 1, 4. Voltage changes reflecting thoracic impedance changes were picked up from electrode...

Assembly of electrochemically active materials into paper-based electrodes opens up new opportunities for flexible energy storage devices. Yat Li and co-workers review the recent advances in the synthesis of paper-based electrodes, including paper-supported electrodes and paper-like electrodes in article 1700107. Their structural features, electrochemical performances and implementation as elec...

Pulsed electric field treatment is now widely used in diverse biological and medical applications: gene delivery, electrochemotherapy, and cancer therapy. This minimally invasive technique has several advantages over traditional ablation techniques, such as nonthermal elimination and blood vessel spare effect. Different electrodes are subsequently developed for a specific treatment purpose. Her...

A reference electrode is a half-cell (an electrode) with stable, well-defined and highly reproducible potential. vast number of electrodes have been developed for different applications. They are briefly presented. For the common types, advantages drawbacks discussed. Practical hints daily use provided.