Freight transport has an important impact on urban welfare. It is estimated to be responsible for 25% of CO2 emissions and up to 50% of particles matters generated by the transport sector in cities. Facing that problem, the European Commission set the objective of reaching free CO2 city logistics by 2030 in major urban areas. In order to achieve this goal, electric vehicles could be an importan...

in this paper, we investigate a decision support system (dss) for the resolution of real-life vehicle routing and scheduling problem (vrsp). scheduling the deliveries from a regional distribution centre (rdc) to large stores of a major fmcg retailer includes every possible vehicle routing complexity. usual constraints that are seen are: size of the vehicle and the length of the driving day, loa...

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (EVRPTW) is an extension to the well-known Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) where the fleet consists of electric vehicles (EVs). Since EVs have limited driving range due to their battery capacities they may need to visit recharging stations while servicing the customers along their route. The recharging may take place at an...

battery pack is the main energy storage element, and directly affects the performance of electric vehicle. this paper selects the forced air cooling of horizontal battery pack as the study object, and researches the heat dissipation performance of different operating conditions with fleunt software. results indicate that: according to the four kinds of transient state conditions and steady stat...

with the aim of reducing cost of electricity consumption and peak load reduction, tools requirement for better managing electricity consumption have become inevitable in recent years. smart home has some equipment which are controllable and this ability is used for increasing comfort and minimizing electricity cost for residence. as a key component of smart home , electric vehicle(ev) ,increase...

periodic vehicle routing problem focuses on establishing a plan of visits to clients over a given time horizon so as to satisfy some service level while optimizing the routes used in each time period. This paper presents a new effective heuristic algorithm based on data mining tools for periodic vehicle routing problem (PVRP). The related results of proposed algorithm are compared with the resu...

Many studies have been done on hybrid vehicles in the past few years. The full hybrid vehicles need a large number of batteries creating up to 300 (V) to meet the required voltage of electric motor. The size and weight of the batteries cause some problems. This research investigates the mild hybrid vehicle. This vehicle includes a small electric motor and a high power internal combustion engine...

in this paper we address the vrpcd, in which a set of homogeneous vehicles are used to transport products from the suppliers to customers via a cross-dock. the products can be consolidated at the cross-dock but cannot be stored for very long as the cross-dock does not have long-term inventory-holding capabilities. the objective of the vrpcd is to minimize the total traveled distance while respe...

the vehicle routing problem with backhauls (vrpb) as an extension of the classical vehicle routing prob-lem (vrp) attempts to define a set of routes which services both linehaul customers whom product are to be delivered and backhaul customers whom goods need to be collected. a primary objective for the problem usually is minimizing the total distribution cost. most real-life problems have othe...