Entropy is a thermodynamic property toward equilibrium based on the dissipation of energy. Cells constitute such a thermodynamic system, in which entropy production is both inevitable and highly significant. Although the experimental measurement of entropy production in a cell is very difficult, a new method to accomplish this in living cells is reported herein. Through heating the sample by al...

If a dilute solution of a polyelectrolyte such as DNA is forced through a microcapillary by an electric field, while simultaneously driven by a pressure gradient, then the polymer will migrate in directions transverse to the field lines. Here we investigate the sharp increase in concentration in the center of the channel that arises when the flow and electric field drive the polymer in the same...

We study the eigenenergies and eigenfunctions of the ground and first excited states (GFES) of an electron strongly coupled to the LO-phonon in an asymmetry quantum dot (AQD) under an applied electric field by using a variational method of the Pekar type (VMPT). This AQD two-level system may be viewed as a single qubit. When the electron is in the superposition state (SS) of the GFES, the effec...

Electric Detonators with its two terminal paired cable may act as an efficient receiving antenna. Radiated field from other sources may optimum level of current in the cable and in turn accidental detonation may occur. Present work is focused on estimation of hazardous field strength level. Keywords-Electric detonator,effecive radiated power,mining enviroment.

We investigate the electric field-induced assembly of Janus colloids composed of silica rods patterned with gold patches in both side- and tip-coated motifs. These shape and chemically anisotropic particles assemble into reconfigurable chains, whose structure depends on patch location, AC electric field strength, and frequency.

The shape of TESLA accelerating structure can be improved to decrease maximal surface magnetic field by sacrificing and increasing maximal surface electric field. This sacrifice may be necessary because the magnetic field is a hard limit but electric field emission can be decreased by processing. For the case of superconducting cavities RF magnetic strength should be of a more concern.

Abstract The transient electromagnetic field generated by vertical electric dipole in evaluation duct is investigated theoretically. A vertical electric dipole in the surface layer is taken as the source of the electromagnetic field. We determine the electric field strength exactly at some fixed point in the duct layer expansion with time, the image of the primary source permits us to apply the...

The conductivity of high-resistivity polymer films is dependent on the magnitude of applied electric field, repeated electric field exposure, and sample temperature. A traditional constant voltage method was used, maintained under vacuum to more closely resemble the space environment. Both the strength of the applied voltage and the thickness of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples were vari...

This paper presents a new concept for an active high voltage insulation system with dynamic and adaptive features. The governing principle is based on surface charge accumulation on dielectrically covered electrodes in air under atmospheric pressure. This accumulation results in a charge-induced electric field component which steers the field distribution within the system advantageously. At eq...