For statistical as well as political reasons combined measures of electoral disproportionality and electoral thresholds are necessary in order to adequately summarize electoral institutions. With few exceptions, none of these quantities can be reliably inferred directly from the provisions of the electoral law, thus impairing “large scale” comparative studies. Through the use of sampling based ...

Little or no technological advancement, geometric increase in population, and manual counting process has made a democratic system practiced by developing countries of the world inefficient, slow and unattractive. To move away from this system, technology must be adopted to automate democratic process of voting. This paper describes the design and implementation of a digital electronic ballot c...

The present research featured regional elections and electoral processes. objective was to analyze the changes in approaches, forms, content of elections. historical-comparative, systemic, secondary analysis made it possible identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats for election campaigns State Duma Kemerovo region 1993–2021. article focuses on concept, structure, stages, essence, ...