BACKGROUND Intrathecal anesthesia is commonly used for cesarean section. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine have all been used as intrathecal drugs. The minimum effective local anesthetic dose (MLAD) of intrathecal ropivacaine for non-obstetric patients has been reported. However, few data are available on the MLAD of hyperbaric ropivacaine for obstetric patients and the relative potency to bupivacain...

BACKGROUND With cesarean section rates increasing worldwide, clarity regarding negative effects is essential. This study aimed to investigate the rate of subsequent stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy following primary cesarean section, controlling for confounding by indication. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a population-based cohort study using Danish national registry data li...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the suitability of spinal and general anaesthesia for cesarean section. METHODS The prospective, double-blinded study, done between March and December 2009, at Central Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey, involved 60 patients undergoing elective cesarean surgery. They were grouped according to the kind of anaesthesia, with each group having 30 patients each....

The majority of childbirth injuries to the pelvic floor occur after the first vaginal delivery. Cesarean sections performed after the onset of labor may not protect the pelvic floor. Elective cesarean section is the only true primary prevention strategy for childbirth injuries to the pelvic floor. Alternative primary prevention strategies include elective cesarean section for women with nonmodi...

BACKGROUND Obstetricians in developing countries appear generally reluctant to conduct vaginal delivery in women with a previous Cesarean because of lack of adequate facilities for optimal fetomaternal monitoring. OBJECTIVE To describe delivery outcomes among women with one previous Cesarean section at a tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria. METHODS This was a prospective observational st...

BACKGROUND Suitable analgesia after cesarean section helps mothers to be more comfortable and increases their mobility and ability to take better care of their infants. OBJECTIVES Pain relief properties of ketamine prescription were assessed in women with elective cesarean section who underwent spinal anesthesia with low dose intravenous ketamine and midazolam and intravenous midazolam alone....

BACKGROUND After cesarean delivery, analgesia is often incomplete and a multimodal approach to analgesia is necessary. Transverse abdominal plane (TAP) block has been advocated in this setting, yet no systematic description of the ultrasound anatomy in pregnant women exists in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to describe the sonographical features of relevant structures in pregnant women bef...