Three forms of elastic and plastic deformations at Au(111) surfaces have been observed by high-resolution electron microscopy. These are normal expansion of the first surface interplanar spacing, lateral expansions through surface dislocations, and the development of hill-and-valley structure or elastic buckling depending upon the sample morphology. These effects are interpreted as evidence for...

This article investigates the flexural response of cantilevered top chord extensions open web steel joists used in building structures. Currently, no design guidance is available to assess bending capacity these members with consideration local and lateral-torsional buckling failure modes. The objective study was develop a numerical finite element model capable predicting behaviour 13 joist tes...