Historically, hemolytic activity in tube tests was regarded as the sine qua non in the differentiation of El Tor from classical cholera vibrios. However, in the recent outbreaks of cholera in Southeast Asia, many strains of agglutinable vibrios have been isolated which share a large number of properties ascribed to El Tor vibrios (and not the classical variety), but which lack hemolytic activit...

A thermolabile direct hemolysin from an El Tor cholera vibrio strain has been isolated and partially characterized as a simple protein of ca. 20,000 molecular weight. In addition to its hemolytic activity, the hemolysin is cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, and rapidly lethal. In these respects it resembles the thermostable direct hemolysin/cytotoxin/cardiotoxin/lethal toxin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and...

The genomes of the recently described Matlab variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 that are hybrids between classical and El Tor biotypes were compared with those of El Tor and classical biotypes by the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Dendrograms constructed using the unweighted-pair group method using average linkages generated from NotI restriction patterns of whole-chromosomal DNA grouped ...

Reversible phase variation between the rugose and smooth colony variants is predicted to be important for the survival of Vibrio cholerae in natural aquatic habitats. Microarray expression profiling studies of the rugose and smooth variants of the same strain led to the identification of 124 differentially regulated genes. Further expression profiling experiments showed how these genes are regu...

conclusions the results of our study show that the resistances to doxycycline and tetracycline, which are mentioned in multiple resources, as the most common antibiotic drugs for treating cholera, are increasing. results in total, until october 22, 2011, which was announced as the end of outbreak, 9844 samples were taken from diarrheal patients. regarding the type of v. cholerae, 244 el tor bio...

Antibiotic treatment does not play a major role in the management of patients with cholera where fluids and electrolytes replacement have been the mainstay of treatment. Nevertheless, antibiotics do lessen the duration of the diarrhoea and shorten the period of excretion of the pathogen. In Malaysia, tetracycline is the drug of choice for cholera infection. It is also given to contacts of confi...

BACKGROUND The current millennium has seen a steep rise in the number, size and case-fatalities of cholera outbreaks in many African countries. Over 40,000 cases of cholera were reported from Nigeria in 2010. Variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype have emerged but very little is known about strains causing cholera outbreaks in West Africa, which is crucial for the implementation of inter...

BACKGROUND Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor dominated the seventh cholera pandemic which occurred in the 1960s. For two decades, variants of V. cholerae O1 El Tor that produce classical cholera toxin have emerged and spread globally, replacing the prototypic El Tor biotype. This study aims to characterize V. cholerae O1 isolates from outbreaks in Thailand with special reference to genotypic variations...