The first confirmed mechanism for aluminum (Al) resistance in plants is encoded by the wheat (Triticum aestivum) gene, TaALMT1, on chromosome 4DL. TaALMT1 controls the Al-activated efflux of malate from roots, and this mechanism is widespread among Al-resistant genotypes of diverse genetic origins. This study describes a second mechanism for Al resistance in wheat that relies on citrate efflux....

Net sucrose efflux from discs of fully expanded leaves of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) plants was studied to characterize sucrose efflux into the apoplast. Net sucrose efflux had a Q(10) of 2.3, was linear for at least 3.5 hours, and was selective for sucrose over glucose. Sulfhydryl group inhibitors reduced sucrose efflux by up to 80%. There was a biphasic promotion of sucrose efflux by KC...

OBJECTIVE We measured efflux from macrophages to apolipoprotein B-depleted serum from 263 specimens and found instances in which serum having similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) differed in their efflux capacity. Thus, we wanted to elucidate why efflux capacity could be independent of total HDL-C or apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). METHODS AND RESULTS To understand why sera with ...

helicobacter hepaticus was discovered in 1992 as a cause of liver cancer in the a/jcr mouse model. in susceptible mice, infection by h. hepaticus causes chronic gastrointestinal inflammation leading to neoplasia. it can also cause morphological changes in breast-glands leading to neoplasm and adenocarcinoma in mouse models. studies performed on humans have revealed that h. hepaticus may also be...

The present study aimed at exploring the potential of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporters as a barrier to the repaglinide (REG) epithelial permeability. In-vitro intestinal absorption models, the everted gut sac, and Caco-2 cell line, were used to study the possible role of P-gp in intestinal transport of REG. In the everted gut sacs, apparent permeability coefficients showed cargo concentra...

Appropriate management of crop residue plays a key role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. However, it has been inadequately implemented general agricultural practices. In field investigation using static chambers, we evaluated the effects at three different rates - 100 % (R100), 50 (R50), and removal (R0) on carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux. The study was conducted corn-wheat rotation under co...

Abstract Soil respiration is an important pathway of soil organic carbon losses in temperate grasslands; however, it rarely studied across broad management intensity gradients a landscape. Using the soda-lime method, we measured in-situ CO 2 efflux with single measurements long exposure time (i.e. 3 day long) 150 grasslands three German regions early summer 2018 and 2019. The ranged from unfert...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux assay is an integral part of discovery screening, especially for drugs requiring brain penetration as P-gp ratio (ER) inversely correlates with exposure. However, significant variability in ER generated across cell lines can lead to misclassification a substrate and subsequently disconnect exposure data. We hypothesized that the depends on protein expression level v...

Ru compounds exhibit collateral sensitivity in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC and increase cisplatin activity by inhibiting efflux pumps.

BACKGROUND Efflux pump activity has been associated with multidrug resistance phenotypes in bacteria, compromising the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. The development of methods for the early detection and quantification of drug transport across the bacterial cell wall is a tool essential to understand and overcome this type of drug resistance mechanism. This approach was developed to s...