The objective of this note is to analyze some implications of the model of commodity money described in Banerjee and Maskin (1996) which may seem paradoxical. In order to do this, we incorporate a general production cost structure into the model. We focus on two different results. First, the existence of technologies that make counterfeiting a commodity more difficult may exclude it from being ...

About 20% of the electricity produced in the world is consumed in rotary equipment for conveying fluids such as water, gas, air, and other liquids, while the loss of energy consumption in this sector is more than 60%. The aim of this study is to evaluate different efficiencies in the pumping stations in the pressurized irrigation systems to address low energy efficiency issues in the pump stati...

abstract this research was conducted in toroq experimental field station, mashhad, iran, for two successive cropping seasons (2000-2002), using split plot experimental design based on complete randomized blocks with three replications. moisture stress treatments (at seven levels) were assigned to main plots, including: d1 ( full irrigation), d2 (no irrigation from one-leaf to double ridge) stag...

in many european states such as spain and italy there has been a significant growth of organic utilizable surface as a consequence of both a change in the model of agricultural production and also in order to satisfy arising demand of organic food. the purpose of this research was to investigate the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency in italian olive farms with two different...

in this paper, it is assumed that the “decision making units“( ) are consist of positive and negative input and output. firstly, the optimistic and pessimistic models have been suggested by using negative data and then units with most productive scale size are measured in optimistic and pessimistic models. these productive values are compared with double frontiers and hurwicz’s criterion to obt...

This paper uses both the non-parametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the econometric method of Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to study the production technology and cost efficiency of the U.S. dental care industry using practice level data. The American Dental Association (ADA) 2006 survey data for a number of general dental practices in Colorado are used for the empirical ...