OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to obtain data and understand how pharmaceuticals manufacturers care for safety and efficacy of the products distributed for consumption in Nigeria. The study was based on a survey of wholesale pharmacies that distribute pharmaceuticals for manufacturers. The study was carried out in Jos city, a central point in the north-central Nigeria. MATERIALS AND...

Affect is a fundamental aspect of the human mind. An increasing number of experiments attempt to examine the influence of affect on other psychological phenomena. To accomplish this research, it is necessary to experimentally modify participants' affective states. In the present experiment, we compared the efficacy of four commonly used affect induction procedures. Participants (38 healthy unde...

AIM The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the effect of an individually tailored behavioral medicine treatment in physical therapy, based on a functional behavioral analysis (FBA), for tension-type headache (TTH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Two case studies with A1-A2-B-A3 design of two patients with TTH was conducted. Outcome variables were headache frequency, headache index (mean int...

There is an urgent need for an improved TB vaccine. Vaccine development is hindered by the lack of immune correlates and uncertain predictive value of preclinical animal models. As data become available from human efficacy trials, there is an opportunity to evaluate the predictive value of the criteria used to select candidate vaccines. Here we review the efficacy in animal models of the MVA85A...

Selective attention and efficacy are important components of scholastic performance in school children. While attempts are being made to introduce new methods to improve academic performance either as part of curricular or extracurricular activities in schools, the success rates are minimal. Hence, this study assessed the effect of yoga-based intervention on psychomotor performance and self-eff...

BACKGROUND As the core of health promotion, proper assessment of empowerment is a base for planning for a process that increases people's control on their decisions, lifestyle, and effective activities for their health. OBJECTIVE To design and develop a special tool to assess the empowerment of NGO women in Iran. METHODS This successive exploratory study of combinational type was conducted ...

The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that messages will achieve optimal behavior change if they successfully target perceived barriers, benefits, self-efficacy, and threat. While the model seems to be an ideal explanatory framework for communication research, theoretical limitations have limited its use in the field. Notably, variable ordering is currently undefined in the HBM. Thus, it is uncl...

abstract aims: elderlies are one of the vulnerable groups in the society that are increasing every day. senility is associated with disability and many chronic diseases. this study was performed to predict the self-efficacy and behavioral expectations in consumption of fruits and vegetables in elderly patients with functional constipation. instrument & methods: this cross-sectional study was pe...

background & aim: the challenges that patients face after intestinal ostomy surgery can lead to impaired adjustment and self-efficacy. there is evidence suggesting these variables have reciprocal effects on each other. therefore, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between adjustment and self-efficacy in patients with intestinal ostomy. methods & materials: this descriptive cor...