Background: Interventional cardiology procedures such as coronary angiography (CA) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography (PTCA) has been increased recent years. The purpose of this study was to measurement of effective dose to cardiology staffs who operate near the patient and are exposed to non-uniform radiation field due to patient scattered radiation. Materials and Methods: This...

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the effective dose record of occupationally exposed radiation workers at Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology department. Materials and Methods: Annual effective doses of occupationally exposed workers were measured by film badge dosimetry by sending the dosimeters to Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory (RDL), Pakistan Institute of Nuc...

introduction intensity-modulated radiotherapy (imrt) is becoming an increasingly routine treatment method. imrt can be delivered by use of conventional multileaf collimators (mlcs) and/or physical compensators. one of the most important factors in selecting an appropriate imrt technique is integral dose. integral dose is equal to the mean energy deposited in the total irradiated volume of the p...

Background: Coronary angiography is a commonly performed diagnostic procedure with life saving benefits for the patient. However, this procedure involves relatively high radiation dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the average effective dose of patients undergoing coronary angiography and to estimate the associated radiation risk in terms of fatal malignancy. Materials an...

Introduction: Background radiation is originated from environmental radioactive sources cosmicandterrestrial.Materials distribution onsurface of the earth and height from sea level are not the same at various points.Absorbed dose caused by them were different at various points.In this research, Background radiation level inoutdoor different areas of Ilam province was measured and effective dose...

The pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) has become the most prescribed drug delivery system for treating the respiratory diseases. However, the spray generation mechanism of these devices has not been extensively researched and there is very little information regarding the two-phase fluid dynamics associated with pre-atomisation inside the valve stem. The aim of the work presented in this ...

Introduction: Human beings are naturally exposed to ionizing radiation in any environment. There are two main contributors to radiation exposures from natural sources: cosmic rays, Cosmo genic radionuclides, and radioactive nuclides that originated in the earth's crust. According to the latest data provided by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Rad...