introduction:  all of  the  people worldwide  are exposed  to  low levels  of  radiation. cancer induction  and  genetic disorders are among the hazards of low level exposure. in some cases, radiation close to hot springs is  higher than normal areas due to a high concentration and the decay products of ra-226. given the use of hot  springs by the general public  because  of their therapeutic p...

introduction: occupational exposure to ionizing radiation due to medical activities (both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures) has increased sharply in recent years. among the occupationally exposed workers in these fields, those most affected by this increased exposure to ionizing radiation are nuclear medicine workers. in this study, annual average effective dose, annual collective effectiv...

background: the concentrations of radionuclides like 226ra, 232th and 40k and the dose rate are measured in igneous and metamorphic rock formations in and around chickmagalur. a total of 236 samples from 13 different locations around study area were analyzed. materials and methods: the activity concentrations of the three radioactive elements were determined for mean period of 25000 s using hpg...

background: the radiation doses resulting from diagnostic x-ray examinations are routinely measured in terms of entrance surface dose (esd) and effective dose (ed). in this study, for the purpose of radiation protection, the radiation doses received from digital chest x-ray examination were evaluated in terms of esd and ed. material and methods: the ed was calculated by using the mcnp monte car...

background: tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world which is prepared from the leaves of a shrub camellia sinensis. eastern black sea region of turkey which account for around 100% of all tea production in turkey was among the areas contaminated by chernobyl accident. materials and methods: a comprehensive study was planned and carried out to determine the level of gross α a...

background: the sources of radioactivity in the environment have natural, terrestrial and extraterrestrial, and anthropogenic origins. plants may get radioactive nuclides in two ways: (i) by the deposition of radioactive fallout, (ii) by absorption from the soil. materials and methods: the concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226ra, 228ra, 40k) and the artificial radionuclide (137cs) in...

background: the exposure of human being to ionize radiation from natural sources is a continuing, inescapable feature of life on earth. direct measurement of absorbed dose rates in air has been carried out in many countries of the world during the last few decades. such investigations can be useful for assessment of public dose rates, the performance of epidemiological studies, and keeping refe...

background: annual patient effective dose equivalent can be considered as a quantitative physical parameter describing the activities performed in each nuclear medicine department. annual staff dose equivalent could be also considered as a parameter describing the amount of radiation risk for performing the activities. we calculated the staff to patient dose equivalent ratio to be used as a phy...

introduction radioactive materials naturally exist in the world. indeed, approximately 82% of human-absorbed radiation doses, which are out of human control, arise from natural sources of radiation including cosmic, terrestrial, and exposure through inhalation or ingestion. thus, the aim of the present study was to estimate health risk, as well as the effective and organ doses from naturally oc...

An increase in radiation dose exposure In 2006, the average annual effective dose per individual in the US was 6.2 mSv1, a figure that has almost doubled over the last 25 years [1]. Approximately 50% of the dose currently received stems from background radiation [1], but varies depending on where you live (for example, in Australia dose levels are about half of levels in the US) [2]. The other ...