The spectral shade ratios defined as the ratios of the spectral irradiances on horizontal and sun normal planes in the tree shade to those on a horizontal plane in sunlight were calculated. These planes were in the shade of an isolated medium canopy density tree and a sparse canopy density tree at the tree shade sites of the centre, edge and trunk. The sun normal plane was employed as there are...

The search for factors shaping leaf-litter ant communities has received particular attention due to the essential role of these insects in many ecological processes. Here, we aimed to investigate how the number of leaves and leaf morphotypes affect the litter-ant species density at forest edge and interior in an Atlantic Forest remnant in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. This study was developed b...

I present data on variations in Eulemur fulvus rufus and Lepilemur mustelinus densities as well as tree characteristics (height, diameter and stem frequency) between edge and interior forest habitats in southeastern Madagascar. Line transect surveys were conducted from June 2003 to November 2005 in edge and interior forest habitats in the Vohibola III Classified Forest. Although E. f. rufus den...

Text detection is fundamental to video information retrieval and indexing. Existing methods cannot handle well those texts with different contrast or embedded in a complex background. To handle these difficulties, this paper proposes an efficient text detection approach, which is based on invariant features, such as edge strength, edge density, and horizontal distribution. First, it applies edg...

Spectral shade ratios, defined as the ratios of the spectral irradiances on horizontal and sun normal planes in the tree shade to those on a horizontal plane in sunlight, were calculated. These planes were in the shade of an isolated medium canopy density tree and a sparse canopy density tree at the tree shade sites of the centre, edge and trunk. The sun normal plane was employed as there are s...

The density function for the joint distribution of the first and second eigenvalues at the soft edge of unitary ensembles is found in terms of a Painlevé II transcendent and its associated isomonodromic system. As a corollary, the density function for the spacing between these two eigenvalues is similarly characterised.The particular solution of Painlevé II that arises is a double shifted Bäckl...