the built up layer thickness in secondary deformation zone is one of the important parameters in metal cutting process. the built up layer (bul) is formed in second deformation zone near the tool-chip interface in the back of the chip. this parameter influences the tool life and machined surface quality. this bul should not be confused with the built up edge (bue). the deformation of the bul in...

The (micro-)finite element analysis based on three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) data of human bone takes place on complicated domains composed of often hundreds of millions of voxel elements. The finite element analysis is used to determine stresses and strains at the trabecular level of bone. It is even used to predict fracture of osteoporotic bone. However, the computed stresses can d...

in this paper, the propagation of the waves in the laminated composite plates which is subjected to low velocity impact is investigated using the finite element method. a rigid metallic projectile with spherical nose is considered and the impact of this projectile with laminated composite is studied in this study. considering a finite element model the governing equations of the problem is disc...

A refined a posteriori error analysis for symmetric eigenvalue problems and the convergence of the first-order adaptive finite element method (AFEM) is presented. The H stability of the L projection provides reliability and efficiency of the edge-contribution of standard residual-based error estimators for P1 finite element methods. In fact, the volume contributions and even oscillations can be...

The development of smoothed projections, constructed by combining the canonical interpolation operators defined from the degrees of freedom with a smoothing operator, has proved to be an effective tool in finite element exterior calculus. The advantage of these operators is that they are L2 bounded projections, and still they commute with the exterior derivative. In the present paper we general...