Technology-based services are increasingly being developed in business ecosystems. Business ecosystems benefit companies by enabling shared goals and resources through collaboration, but a successful business ecosystem also requires internal management of knowledge. Strategic funding is currently being offered for the formation of new business ecosystems in the ICT industry to develop new digit...

Agricultural ecosystems are dependent for their natural resources on originally natural ecosystems. Agricultural ecosystems are also served by natural ecosystems with ecosystem services. Livestock will play a more important role in the next millennium because of the rising demand for animal food in the developing countries. Structural changes in land use through intensification of mixed farming...

Software ecosystems are sets of software solutions functioning as a unit, enabling actors to automate activities and transactions. Arguably, software ecosystems are gaining importance with the advent of, e.g., the Google Android, Apple iOS, and Salesforce.com ecosystems. However, there exists no systematic overview of the research done on software ecosystems from a software engineering perspect...

Ecosystems significantly affect societies and nations by providing essential renewable resources and other benefits, including food, fiber, shelter, energy, biodiversity, clean air and water, recycling of elements, and cultural, spiritual, and aesthetic returns, while human activities, in turn, affect ecosystem processes and dynamics. Ecosystems also affect the climate system by exchanging larg...

Terrestrial ecosystems that were rare before human colonisation of New Zealand often have highly specialised and diverse flora and fauna characterised by endemic and nationally rare species. Although many of these ecosystems are under threat from anthropogenic modification and their biodiversity values are declining, they still are not adequately identified by current land classifications. We c...

The incentive for IT service and infrastructure providers to participate in cloud ecosystems lies in the generation of rents that cannot be generated individually by either alliance partner – i.e. the opportunity to co-create value. The IS literature on cloud ecosystems is scarce and provides only limited insights on value co-creation in cloud ecosystems. Based on an in-depth case study, we dev...

The rapid growth of the smartphone market in China has changed the structure of the Chinese mobile phone industry. The present paper analyzes this change using the concept of the “Business Ecosystem”. The world’s two big business ecosystems, Apple’s and Google’s, have developed as the dominant ecosystems, but telecom common carriers, mobile phone terminal vendors, and network service suppliers,...

This paper summarized the keynote talk on ecosystems delivered at the 4 Software Ecosystems Workshop. We outline a methodology that was used to generate many interesting ecosystems for companies.

We review the status of marine shellfish ecosystems formed primarily by bivalves in Australia, including: identifying ecosystem-forming species, assessing their historical and current extent, causes for decline and past and present management. Fourteen species of bivalves were identified as developing complex, three-dimensional reef or bed ecosystems in intertidal and subtidal areas across trop...

The newly developed IUCN Red List of Ecosystems is part of a growing toolbox for assessing risks to biodiversity, which addresses ecosystems and their functioning. The Red List of Ecosystems standard allows systematic assessment of all freshwater, marine, terrestrial and subterranean ecosystem types in terms of their global risk of collapse. In addition, the Red List of Ecosystems categories an...