Abstract Introduction pathways play a pivotal role in the success of Invasive Alien Species (IAS)—the subset alien species that have negative environmental and/or socio-economic impact. Pathways refer to fundamental processes leads introduction from one geographical location another—marking beginning all invasions. Increased knowledge is essential help reduce number introductions and impacts IA...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a severe viral of cattle caused by the lumpy virus (LSDV), member Capripoxvirus genus poxviridae family. Fever and flat disk-like nodules on characterize disease. It can also lead to death significant economic losses, especially in herds, that have never been exposed virus. Blood-feeding insects, such as specific types flies, mosquitoes, ticks, are thought be primary...