The RF junction varactors are employed as electro-static discharge (ESD) protection devices and co-designed with 60GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The junction varactor acts as an ESD diode to bypass ESD current during ESD zapping, and also utilized as a capacitor to be a part of input matching network of the LNA in normal RF operation. By transmission line ...

Control charts are the most important tools of statistical process control used to discriminate between assignable and common causes of variation and to improve the quality of a process. To design a control chart, three parameters including sample size, sampling interval, and control limits should be determined. The objectives are hourly expected cost, in-control average run length, power of th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Stroke places a significant burden on the economy in England and Wales with the overall societal costs estimated at pound7 billion per annum. There is evidence that both stroke units (SUs) and early supported discharge (ESD) are effective in treating patients with stroke. This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of the combination of these 2 strategies and compares it w...

Objective: Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD) can be used to resect gastrointestinal diseases, but ESD costs long procedure time. It was reported that the rulers can serve as an ancillary device for shortening the procedure time. Thus, we aimed to identify a ruler assisted method performed by endoscopic nurses to shorten ESD procedure time and improve safety. Methods: A total of 30 patients...

Peanut is grown mostly in rainfed areas where drought is a recurring problem. Peanut genotypes with high transpiration efficiency (TE) use less water and produced yield better under drought conditions. Specific leaf area and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading are used as surrogate traits for TE. N2 fixation (NF) is also used as a surrogate trait for yield under drought. The objective of this study ...

BACKGROUND In Korea, medical institutions make claims for insurance reimbursement to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA). Thus, HIRA databases reflect the general medical services that are provided in Korea. We conducted two pathology-related studies using a HIRA national patient sample (NPS) data (selection probability, 0.03). First, we evaluated the current status of gen...

It is forecasted that by 2003, a large number of applications will use CMOS technology for RF system-on-chip, such as remote control, radio modems, home system automation, etc. For example, in the home system automation, the concept is to replace the data cable between appliances by wireless link centered at 2.4GHz, with a range of approximately 8m. The reliability of the components used in the...

On-chip decoupling capacitors (decaps) are widely used to reduce power supply noise. Typically, designs use NMOS decaps between standard-cell blocks and NMOS+PMOS decaps within the blocks. Starting at the 90nm CMOS technology node, the traditional decap designs may no longer be suitable due to increased concerns regarding thin-oxide gate leakage and electrostatic discharge (ESD) reliability. Th...

Based on the Stochastic Education Approach to Sustainability Education, statistical and probability tasks for sustainability education in a collection of primary school mathematics textbooks Chile (6–14 years old) were analyzed. A content analysis was carried out based four categories: contexts sustainability, levels articulation, cognitive demand, authenticity. The results show that: (1) there...

ESD, the discharge of electrostatically generated charges into an IC, is one of the most important reliability problems for ultra-scaled devices. This electrostatic charge can generate voltages of up to tens of kilovolts. These very high voltages can generate very high electric fields and currents across semiconductor devices, which may result in dielectric damage or melting of semiconductors a...