The resilience, ecological function and quality of both agricultural and natural systems were evaluated in the mountainous region of the Atlantic Rain Forest of Rio de Janeiro through Rapid Assessment Methods. For this goal new indicators were proposed, such as eco-volume, eco-height, bio-volume, volume efficiency, and resilience index. The following agricultural and natural systems have been c...

1. Resilience This special issue results from a call for papers to address the connection between resilience and sustainability, and stems from the fact that the ecological concept of resilience has been exercising an increasing influence on the economics of development. Resilience is interpreted in two different ways by ecologists: one capturing the speed of return to equilibrium following per...

This paper argues for a specific and measurable definition and a comprehensive and actionable framework for community economic resilience (CER). The paper focuses on how to specify CER; what attributes form CER; and how to measure CER based on its definition and attributes. The paper argues that CER can be specified through four guiding questions (‘Resilience of what?’; ‘Resilience to what?’; ‘...

Cybersecurity was a major topic of discussion at the 2015 World Economic Forum in Davos the Sony attack; huge data breaches at Target and Adobe; a 91% increase in targeted cyber-attacks; annual losses of over $400 billion; the exposure of 904 million personal data records; cyber-attacks on a Finnish bank, a South Korean credit bureau, a German factory’s industrial controls, and the Ukrainian go...

The unpredictable impacts of sudden shocks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic or energy crisis accelerated by Russia-Ukraine war have led to a renewed interest in regional economic resilience. Much literature focuses attention on how economies and industries could bounce back, that is, they return their pre-shock conditions. Other scholars proposed construe resilience bouncing forward captur...

Salmon are inherently resilient species. However, this resiliency has been undermined in British Columbia by a century of centralized, command-and-control management focused initially on maximizing yield and, more recently, on economic efficiency. Community and cultural resiliency have also been undermined, especially by the recent emphasis on economic efficiency, which has concentrated access ...

Social pressure on alluvial plains and deltas is large, both from an economic point of view and from a nature conservation point of view. Gradually, flood risks increase with economic development, because the expected damage increases, and with higher dikes, because the flooding depth increases. Global change, changing social desires, but also changing views, require a revision of flood-risk ma...