BACKGROUND The economic impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks has rarely been studied. We examined the association between 9/11-related chronic health conditions with or without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and one important aspect of the economic impact, retirement, and job loss before age 60. METHODS A total of 7,662 workers who participated in the World Trade Center Health Registry...

Universities and other institutions of higher education are frequently asked to justify, in economic terms, the allocation of state monies toward their programs. These institutions have often responded by conducting economic impact studies. The traditional approach to economic impact views increases in expenditures by a university as a means to create new jobs within the state and to expand the...

OBJECTIVES Since the Cabinet's decision concerning the Basic Policies 2005, the Japanese government has implemented specific measures to suppress increases in national medical care expenditure. However, we believe that the economic significance of medical care should be quantified in terms of its economic impact on national medical care expenditure. No one has examined the economic impact of al...

Introduction: The survivability of carbonaceous compounds during hypervelocity impacts has particular importance in exobiology, astrobiology, and origin of life studies. The delivery of biotic organics such as amino acids, which are found in meteorites [1], during impact is an important hypothesis for the source of life's early organics [2]. Furthermore, trapping or preservation of target organ...

Economic transparency will lead to economic stability and corruption decline. Thus the shortage of transparency mechanisms, laws and procedures will raise corruption and make it tough to cutout corruption. Also, loss of transparency in financial and economic system creates to instability, inappropriate allocation of resources, the boom of injustice and inequality and as a result paves the way f...

abstract human development and the importance of focusing on women’s participation has become one of the main concerns and issues attracting the attention of many people. in fact, many gender-related models and patterns have been proposed in this regard. accordingly, this paper is an attempt to evaluate the effects of development process on women’s participation in iran using an econometrics m...

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

middle east is a strategic region because of its abundant oil reserves, hostile struggles among the countries, and threat of the radical groups. the countries of this region spend a large amount of their annual budgets on buying weapons and war armaments. the purpose of this paper is to study the impact of military expenditures on economic growth of oil and non-oil middle east countries by a dy...