BACKGROUND Microeconomic evaluations of public health programmes such as immunisation typically only consider direct health benefits and medical cost savings. Broader economic benefits around childhood development, household behaviour, and macro-economic indicators are increasingly important, but the evidence linking immunization to such benefits is unclear. METHODS A conceptual framework of ...

BACKGROUND Nearly 40 years of research provides an extensive body of evidence about human health, well-being, and improved function benefits associated with experiences of nearby nature in cities. OBJECTIVES We demonstrate the numerous opportunities for future research efforts that link metro nature, human health and well-being outcomes, and economic values. METHODS We reviewed the literatu...

In OECD countries, medicines spending accounts for approximately 17% of total health spending or 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) [1]. New technologies and pharmaceuticals have been important contributors to rising health care costs. At the same time, patients may not have access to cost–effective medicines because of lack of health insurance coverage, limited insurance benefits, high medic...

Problem definition: We study a service setting where the provider has information about some customers’ future needs and may initiate for such customers proactively, if they agree to be flexible with respect timing of delivery. Academic/practical relevance: Information customer-service is becoming increasingly available through remote monitoring systems data analytics. However, literature not s...