Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2); a cell surface receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors, is a key pharmacological target involved in the cell proliferation/angiogenesis. It has been revealed that VEGFR-2 induces proliferation through activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases pathway. In this regard, targeting the VEGFR-2 has been considered as an ...

the neoplastic niche comprises complex interactions between multiple cell types and molecules requiring cell-cell signaling as well as local secretion. these niches are important for both the maintenance of cancer stem cells and the induction of neoplastic cells survival and proliferation. each niche contains a population of tumor stem cells supported by a closely associated vascular bed compri...

background: vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a coordinate regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryogenesis, skeletal growth and reproductive functions. there are several types of vegf, including vegf165. vegfs stimulate endothelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and capillary permeability. low induction temperature is a major factor for expression of the recombinant vegf165 ...

most common tumors of the spleen are hematologic and lymphoid malignancies. non-lymphoid and non-hematologic tumors of the spleen are very rare, the most common of which are vascular tumors. this group of tumors in the spleen is composed of heterogeneous tumors such as hemangioma, angioendothelioma (ae), littoral cell angioma, and angiosarcoma. there are several histologic forms of ae such as e...