The hamstring muscle group is a vital constituent to injury prevention and lower extremity rehabilitation. During closed chain activity, hamstring muscle fibers influence dynamic interaction between the pelvis, sacrum, femur and lower leg. The hamstring muscle group functions as a frontal and transverse plane stabilizer, influencing knee flexion deceleration and eccentric extension during forwa...

A study was conducted to determine the current Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) standard of practice for eccentric viewing (EV) training. EV training is the process of teaching patients to realign the visual image away from a diseased foveal/macular region onto healthier retina. Optometrists and Visual Skills Instructors at all VA blind rehabilitation centers (BRCs) and VICTORS (vision impai...

The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term strength and neural adaptations to eccentric and concentric training at equal force levels. Forty-two sedentary women (age = 21.5 yr) were ranked based on the initial quadriceps strength score, and trios of subjects were randomly assigned to either an eccentric (n = 14), a concentric (n = 14), or a nonexercising control group (n = 14). Tra...

Adding steel braces to reinforced concrete frames is a common way for seismic rehabilitation of these structures. Due to ease of installation and the possibility of creating openings in the braced bays, this method of rehabilitation has been more preferred than using shear walls. In this paper, three experimental specimens including a reinforced concrete frame, a reinforced concrete frame with ...

Vogt M, Hoppeler HH. Eccentric exercise: mechanisms and effects when used as training regime or training adjunct. J Appl Physiol 116: 1446–1454, 2014. First published February 6, 2014; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00146.2013.—The aim of the current review is to discuss applications and mechanism of eccentric exercise in training regimes of competitive sports. Eccentric muscle work is important in m...

The current consensus in exercise physiology is that the repeated bout effect always appears after few eccentric exercise sessions. This is the first attempt to challenge this tenet, by exploiting specificity in muscle plasticity. More specifically, we examined whether the opposing adaptations in muscle induced after concentric and eccentric exercise can attenuate and/or remove the repeated bou...

Rotator cuff tears in young overhead sports athletes are rare. The pathomechanism causing rotator cuff tears in young overhead athletes is different from that in aged patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate rotator cuff tear characteristics in young overhead sports athletes to reveal the pathomechanism causing these injuries. This study included 25 overhead sports athletes less t...

This study investigated whether the specific motor control strategy reported for eccentric muscle actions is dependent on muscle mechanical behavior. Motor evoked potentials, Hoffman reflex (H-reflex), fascicle length, pennation angle, and fascicle velocity of soleus muscle were compared between isometric and two eccentric conditions. Ten volunteers performed maximal plantarflexion trials in is...

The aim of this systematic review was to determine if eccentric exercise is superior to concentric exercise in stimulating gains in muscle strength and mass. Meta-analyses were performed for comparisons between eccentric and concentric training as means to improve muscle strength and mass. In order to determine the importance of different parameters of training, subgroup analyses of intensity o...

Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) are common in a number of sports and incidence rates have not declined in recent times. Additionally, the high rate of recurrent injuries suggests that our current understanding of HSI and re-injury risk is incomplete. Whilst the multifactoral nature of HSIs is agreed upon by many, often individual risk factors and/or causes of injury are examined in isolation. ...