Recently, there has been an interest in creating practical anonymous electronic cash with the ability to conduct payments of exact amounts, as is typically the practice in physical payment systems. The most general solution for such payments is to allow electronic coins to be divisible (e.g., each coin can be spent incrementally but total purchases are limited to the monetary value of the coin)...

 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is used to identify the characteristics of an object wirelessly using radio waves. The purpose of this technology in this study is mainly focused on healthcare for inventory management and theft control replacing the manual logs. The storage and tracking of high-cost inventory items is developed. Automatic reordering and billing interfaces are designed for...

Identification of a nonlinear additive system is considered. An input signal is designed in such a way that the problem of identification of nonlinear additive systems is reduced to a problem of identification of static nonlinear functions. Then, three approaches are established to estimate the order of the system. The methods exploit the structure of the nonlinear additive model so that their ...

foodborne pathogens comprise microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria and parasites that can be transmitted by food and affect public health worldwide. the most common viruses transmitted via food are hepatitis a virus and norwalk-like caliciviruses. also, the most common bacteria involved in foodborne illnesses are campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, salmonella spp, escherichia coli...

Two experiments are reported that extend previous investigations of the influence of the lexicon on visual spoken word recognition. Experiment 1 investigated individual differences in segment level perception. Behavioral identification of consonants and vowels presented in either consonant-vowel or consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables were collected from participant groups chosen to dif...

In this paper, we examine the evolution of the impact of older scholarly articles. We attempt to answer four questions. First, how often are older articles cited in scholarly papers and how has this changed over time. Second, how does the impact of older articles vary across different fields of scholarship. Third, is the change in the impact of older articles accelerating or slowing down. Fourt...

that is as easy as playing cards. Let Vn denote the Vandermonde matrix with (i, j)th entry vi j = x j i (0 ≤ i, j ≤ n). Since the determinant of Vn is a polynomial in x0, x1, . . . , xn , it suffices to prove the identity for positive integers x0, x1, . . . , xn with x0 ≤ x1 ≤ · · · ≤ xn . We define a Vandermonde card to possess a suit and a value, where a card of Suit i has a value from the se...

The LEXADV-project is a Scandinavian research project (2004-2006, financed by Nordplus Sprog) with the aim of extending three Scandinavian semantic lexicons building on the SIMPLE lexicon model (Lenci et al., 2000) with the word class of adverbs. In the lexicons of approx. 400 Danish, Norwegian and Swedish adverbs the different senses are described with a semantic type and a set of semantic fea...

There is increasing interest in computer applications that are aware of the user’s context. Currently these applications are normally hand-crafted. A lot of them consist of presenting information to users as they enter a given context, for example a tourist nearing a site within a city or a visitor moving round a building. The paper presents a new form of document, and the supporting software, ...

Morphologically distinct yeast colonies from partially and fully processed fruits and vegetables were isolated over a 3-year period. Identification of 239 strains was achieved by using standard methods, commercial identification kits (API 20C and API YEAST-IDENT), and a simplified system for food-borne yeasts. The identified strains of fruit origin represented 36 species belonging to 19 genera....