The hallmark of great earthquakes in the Mediterranean is 21 July 365 CE earthquake and tsunami that destroyed cities killed thousands people throughout Eastern Mediterranean. This event intriguing because most subduction forearcs exhibit pervasive crustal extension minimal definitive evidence exists for megathrust earthquakes, consistent with weak seismic coupling. conundrum has led many to fa...

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Liquefaction is one of the most determinant factors in the collapse of transportation infrastructures. This is especially true for roads and railroads located on saturated, fine-sand substrates under seismic conditions. The damage and human casualties resulting from liquefaction highlight the importance of understanding and mapping this phenomenon. Soil liquefaction occurs as a natural hazard i...

Model uncertainty is prevalent in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) because the underlying statistical signatures for hazard are unknown. Although methods for incorporating parameter uncertainty of a particular model in PSHA are well understood, methods for incorporating model uncertainty are more difficult to implement because of the high degree of dependence between different earth...

The ground motion attenuation relations have been proposed on an empirical basis and widely been used for ground motion prediction in convenient and efficient way. The accuracy of the predictions, however, is not so high given an earthquake magnitude and distance, the uncertainty of the relations has, say, 0.5 or more in a natural logarithmic standard deviation, which significantly governs the ...

iran is one of the limited numbers of ancient countries which is almost totally located on earthquake belt. earthquakes have always been the most important natural hazard in iran. many villages, cities, civilizations and monuments have been partly or totally destroyed by past earthquakes in iran. as a developing country, iran is expanding its cities, industries, dams, power plants etc. the rece...

The paper presents the approach for earthquake hazard, exposure, vulnerability and risk assessment for Nepal. The approach amalgamates various scientific streams, which are structured and integrated on GIS platform. The exposure, vulnerability and risk assessment are carried out for primary sectors including population, housing, education, hospital, industry, power and roadways. The risk assess...

Urban planning rules and considering land use regarding faults can change the consequences of natural hazard such as earthquake. Vulnerability risk is increasing in Region 1 because of existence of the north fault, steep slopes and continuous construction of high-rise buildings. It is clear that Region 1’s Master Plan shouldn’t be prepared without considering natural hazard such as ...

Long earthquake sequences are generated using the 2D physically based lattice solid numerical model in a system representing an evolving fracture zone of the Earth's crust subjected to shear. Cycles of seismic activity are observed in which the rate of seismic energy release of simulated earthquakes accelerates in the lead-up to the largest events. During a cycle, the cumulative number of event...