background: this research was conducted to introduce a patient with rare ovarian mixed germ cell tumor, presented as molar pregnancy. case presentation: the patient was a 16 year old woman admitted with diagnosis of molar pregnancy. abdominal enlargement was the only complaint. she had a large pelvic mass in physical examination. the first diagnosis was molar pregnancy due to previous ultrasoni...

volvulus of the small bowel, although being rare, carries a high risk of strangulation and ischemic necrosis. preoperative diagnosis is difficult and may be complicated by pregnancy, labor and the post-cesarean-section state. delay in diagnosis and surgical intervention increases morbidity and mortality rates. we present a 20- year- old primigravida woman (ga=10 weeks) with massive intestinal n...

how to cite this article: dara n, sayyari aa, imanzadeh f. hepatic encephalopathy: early diagnosis in pediatric patients with cirrhosis. iran j child neurol. 2014 winter; 8(1):1-11. objective as acute liver failure (alf) and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) continue to increase in prevalence, we will see more cases of hepatic encephalopathy. primary care physician are often the first to suspec...

Spontaneous bilateral ectopic pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy. Bilateral tubal pregnancies in the absence of preceding induction of ovulation are a rare occurrence, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 725 to 1 in 1580 ectopicpregnancies. They are usually diagnosed at the time of surgery. We report a case of spontaneous bilateral tubal pregnancies diagnosed intraoperatively. A ...

Persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) is a condition that occurs due to incomplete removal of trophoblastic tissue during fallopian tube-preservation surgery for tubal pregnancy. According to several studies, the incidence has been reported to be approximately 3%-20%,1 and the incidence appears to be rising due to the increase in treatment of tubal pregnancies via laparoscopic surgery.2-4 If treat...

Ovarian ectopic pregnancies are a rare occurrence; however the incidence is on the rise. Preoperative diagnosis remains difficult due to nonspecific clinical symptoms and USS findings. Most patients undergo diagnostic laparoscopy with subsequent surgical management. We present the case of a 32-year-old female who presented with vaginal bleeding and an unsited pregnancy, with a BhCG of 24693. Fo...

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a group of medical complications in pregnancy and also a risk factor for severe pregnancy outcomes, but it lacks a large-scale epidemiological investigation in recent years. This survey represents a multicenter cross-sectional retrospective study to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors for HDP among the pregnant women who had referre...

background & aim: cervical ectopic pregnancy is a rare variant of ectopic pregnancy, and placenta percreta is a complex and dangerous condition; patients with these conditions are difficult to manage. in this study, we present a rare case of placenta percreta in cervical pregnancy. case report: a 32 -year-old woman with 19 weeks of gestation and gross hematuria was admitted to qaem hospital in ...

Pregnancy diagnosis is widely practiced in cattle production systems. Ultrasonography is an alternative technique to rectal palpation for pregnancy diagnosis. Fetal losses caused by rectal palpation are well documented; however, reported losses from ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis are often confounded by normal embryonic losses during early gestation. Losses caused by inexperienced tech...