Venlafaxine (VEN), a drug used in the treatment of depression, undergoes significant first-pass metabolism after oral dosing to O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), a metabolite with comparable therapeutic activity to that of parent drug. The pharmacokinetic disposition of VEN was characterized using a "first-pass" model that incorporates a presystemic compartment (liver) to account for the first-pass...

"This article addresses a... neglected, link between migration and ethnicity or nationality in Europe. It explores migrations of ¿ethnic unmixing' or ¿ethnic affinity'. Ethnic unmixing and ethnic affinity have somewhat different connotations and call attention to two distinct respects in which ethnicity may figure in such migrations: (1) as a push factors at the point of origin, and (2) as a pu...

The VIMS workshop encompasses both virtual instruments and “virtual sensors”, but historically the latter are hardly represented in the program. This paper is not so much a research report as a friendly challenge to the VIMS community to begin thinking actively and creatively about this complementary aspect of our theme. In particular, it raises the question of what and how much we need to buil...