Primary bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) gradually lose stemness during in vitro expansion, which significantly affects the cell therapeutic effects. Here, we chose murine PαS (SCA-1+PDGFRα+CD45−TER119−) as representative of BMSCs and aimed to explore premium culture conditions for cells. Freshly isolated (fresh) were obtained from limbs C57/6N mice by fluorescence-activated sorting (FACS). ...

In this paper, we analyze the effects of money on the market for durable goods both empirically and theoretically. Using monthly US data on personal expenditures on durable goods and the housing market, we estimate from a VAR the dynamic responses of the price and quantity of durable goods and housing to money supply shocks, assuming only that money is neutral in the long-run. We then estimate ...

A game theoretic approach to the theory of money and financial institution is given utilizing both the strategic and coalitional forms for describing the economy. The economy is first modeled as a strategic market game, then the strategic form is used to calculate several cooperative forms that differ from each other in their utilization of money and credit and their treatment of threats. It is...

We study counterfeiting of currency in a search-theoretic model of monetary exchange. In contrast to Nosal and Wallace (2007), we establish that counterfeiting does not pose a threat to the existence of a monetary equilibrium; i.e., a monetary equilibrium exists irrespective of the cost of producing counterfeits, or the ease with which genuine money can be authenticated. However, the possibilit...

In the present study, the effects of bioethanolunleaded gasoline blends on engine performance were investigated in a spark ignition engine. Fuel containing 100% ethanol (E100), fuel blend containing 40% bioethanol by volume (E40) and 100% unleaded gasoline (E0) were tested and the test results were compared. As the result of the study, it was found that the use of unleaded gasoline and bioethan...

In a New Monetarist framework, we study the trade of indivisible goods under credit, divisible money and divisible asset in a frictional market. We show how indivisibility on the goods side, instead of the money or asset side, matters for equilibria. The bargaining solution generates a price that is independent of nominal interest rate, dividend value of the asset, or the number of active buyer...

Emerging economies are often exposed to sudden shortages of international financial resources. Yet domestic agents do not seem to take preventive measures against these sudden stops. We highlight the central role played by the limited development of ex ante (insurance) and ex post (spot) domestic financial markets in generating this collective undervaluation of international resources. We study...

In this note I review evidence suggesting that shortages of small change occurred in the territory of Argentina during the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries. For the colonial period (until 1810) the main pieces of evidence are: (i) the widespread use of informal means of payment, (ii) the difficulties faced in retiring from circulation low quality subsidiary co...

The paper develops a model to study the optimal choice of the central bank haircut policy. In the presence of uncertainties regrading liquidity needs and asset prices, there is a trade-off between providing liquidity to constrained agents and controlling the abundance of liquidity in the economy. The choice of the haircut involves balancing impacts on the liquidity positions of agents with diff...