Thirty-seven persons were identified with GB virus C (GBV-C) single infection by polymerase chain reaction screening of 1254 healthy blood donors. Of 33 donors who returned for clinical examination, 17 underwent liver biopsy. Clinical, biochemical, and histologic evaluation did not reveal any signs of liver disease. Liver biopsies of 15 donors were analyzed by in situ hybridization with GBV-C R...

BACKGROUND Coinfection with the flavivirus GB virus C (GBV-C) is frequent in patients suffering from HIV type-1 (HIV-1) infection because of shared routes of transmission. GBV-C coinfection has been proposed to exert a beneficial influence on HIV-1 infection. In vitro studies demonstrated down-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) as a potential mechanism by which GBV-C modulates H...

background the picture that has emerged from studies investigating hiv infected people with gbv-c viremia is that they have lower plasma hiv viral loads in comparison with hiv-positive people who did not have the gbv-c viremia. objectives since gbv-c hiv coinfection has not been studied in iran, we have designed a survey to study the outcomes of gbv-c infection on hiv infected individuals. pati...

While the right to food and community self-reliance underpin current knowledge interpretation of security (CFS), literature on CFS seldom accounts for ways in which gender-based violence (GBV) disrupts undermines CFS. In this review, we make case that GBV contexts manifests as a continuum, involving different forms blend into reinforce each other, fueling social degradation undermining capacity...

The genomes of two positive-strand RNA viruses have recently been cloned from the serum of a GB agent-infected tamarin by using representational difference analysis. The two agent, GB viruses A and B (GBV-A and GBV-B, respectively), have genomes of 9,493 and 9,143 nucleotides, respectively, and single large open reading frames that encode potential polyprotein precursors of 2,972 and 2,864 amin...

BACKGROUND Women exposed to gender-based violence (GBV) experience a high rate of common mental disorders and suicidal behaviour ("mental disturbance"). Little is known however about the timing of onset of mental disturbance following first exposure to GBV amongst women with no prior mental disorder. METHODS The analysis was undertaken on the Australian National Mental Health and Wellbeing Su...

Until now there have been few seroepidemiological data for hepatitis G virus/GB virus type C (HGV/GBV-C). A four-antigen HGV/GBV-C immunoblot was established to examine 446 serum specimens from healthy individuals without risk factors for parenteral viral transmission. These individuals were divided into seven groups according to age. Seroprevalence rates were low for children and adolescents (...

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a significant human rights violation and a key driver of the HIV epidemic in southern and eastern Africa. We frame GBV from a broad human rights approach that includes intimate partner violence and structural violence. We use this broader definition to review how National Strategic Plans for HIV and AIDS (NSPs) in southern and eastern Africa address GBV. NSPs for ...

Comparison of 33 epidemiologically distinct GBV-C/hepatitis G virus complete genome sequences suggests the existence of four major phylogenetic groupings that are equally divergent from the chimpanzee isolate GBV-C(tro) and have distinct geographical distributions. These four groupings are not consistently reproduced by analysis of the virus 5'-noncoding region (5'-NCR), or of individual genes ...

Liposomes have been used primarily as a model system for studying biological membranes. Numerous chemical, biochemical and biophysical methods have been used to elucidate the various aspects of the interaction between proteins or peptides and phospholipids. Having in mind the potential use of synthetic lipopeptides as antiviral therapies and aiming for a better understanding of the molecular in...