This study focused on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and levels of plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (Vtg) and total protein and determined the localization of Vtg in the liver during vitellogenesis in female Chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic cyprinid species living in the Lake Van, Turkey. The levels of plasma E2, Vtg and total protein in female fish increased during vitellogenesi...

abstract relation between sexual maturity and levels of two main steroid hormones in gonads, 17- estradiol (e2) and testosterone (t) were studied by using histological and radioimmunoassay in female kutum rutilus frisii kutum during spawning season of the southern caspian sea. the study was carried out from february to may 2008 using 105 migrated fish specimens catched from the river sefid-rood...

The Heisenberg double Dq(E2) of the quantum Euclidean group $${{\cal O}_q}({E_2})$$ is smash product with its Hopf dual $${U_q}({e_2})$$ . For algebra Dq(E2), explicit descriptions prime, primitive and maximal spectra are obtained. All prime factors presented as generalized Weyl algebras. As a result, we obtain that has no finite-dimensional representations, cannot have structure. automorphism ...

Sindbis virus (SV) is an alphavirus that causes encephalitis in mice and results in age-dependent mortality. The outcome is dependent on the virus strain. Residues at 55 and 172 in the E2 glycoprotein determine the neurovirulence for mice of different ages and the efficiency of replication in the nervous system and neuronal cells. To determine the effects of these two residues on the initial st...

Transcription of the human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E6 and E7 oncogenes is repressed by the viral E2 protein. In C33 cells, we have previously shown that of the four E2 binding sites (E2 BS) present in the HPV18 long control region (LCR), only the binding site adjacent to the TATA box (E2 BS 1) was involved in E2-mediated repression. In the present study, we sought to determine whether th...

The genes encoding pestivirus E2 and NS2-3 are separated by a sequence that encodes a small hydrophobic polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 6 to 7 kDa (p7). It has been shown that cleavage between E2 and p7 is incomplete, resulting in proteins E2-p7, E2, and p7. We found no precursor-product relationship between E2-p7 and E2, which indicates a stable nature of E2-p7. To study the fun...

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) DNA replicates episomally and requires two virally expressed proteins, E1 and E2. The E1 protein has both helicase and ATPase activities and is absolutely required for viral DNA replication. The E2 protein is a potent transcriptional activator and greatly increases viral DNA replication by colocalizing E1 to the origin of replication. Recently, we character...

Among Chinese soft-shelled turtles, Pelodiscus sinensis, males have a richer nutritional value and higher market price than females. All-male offspring were obtained by 17β-estradiol (E2). However, the molecular mechanisms of E2 inducing sexual reversal remain unclear. In this study, we cloned estrogen nuclear receptors (ERs) from P. sinensis investigated their expression profiles. We examined ...

In rats, the magnocellular neurons that produce vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) express estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta). Physiological concentrations of estrogen (E2) inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated VP and OT release from explants of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). To determine whether ER-beta mediates inhibition by E2, HNS explants were perifused with and with...