BACKGROUND The second-to-fourth digit-length ratio (2D:4D) may be a correlate of prenatal sex steroids, and it has been linked to sporting prowess. The aim of the study was to validate dual-energy X-ray-absorptiometry (DXA) as a technique to assess 2D:4D in soccer players under 15 years of age (U-15). METHODS Paired X-ray and DXA scans of the left hands of 63 male U-15 elite soccer players (a...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare skinfold thickness (SKF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition using three different equations against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in overweight and obese Brazilian women. SUBJECTS AND METHOD Thirty-four women (age 43.8 +/- 10.9 years; body mass index [BMI] 32.1 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2)) had percentage body fat (BF%...

Accurate assessment of muscle-tendon forces in vivo requires knowledge of the muscle-tendon moment arm. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can produce 2D images suitable for visualising both tendon and bone, thereby potentially allowing the moment arm to be measured but there is currently no validated DXA method for this purpose. The aims of this study were (i) to compare in vivo measuremen...

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. We developed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of visceral adipose tissue (DXA-VAT) as a low cost and low radiation alternative to computed tomography (CT). DXA-VAT was compared to VAT assessed using CT by an expert reader (E-VAT). In addition, the sam...

Ageing is associated with weight loss and subsequently poor health outcomes. The present study assessed agreement between two field methods, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) and corrected arm muscle area (CAMA) for assessment of body composition against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the reference technique. Agreement between two predictive equations estimating skeletal muscl...

Measurements of bone density (BMD) are central to the World Health Organisation (WHO) approach to the definition of osteoporosis. Dual energy X- ray absorptiometry (DXA) remains the gold standard technique for measuring the bone mineral density (BMD) but Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) is an attractive alternative method of bone assessment because it is easy to use and relatively inexpensive. It ...

PURPOSE Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is used in clinical routine to provide a two-dimensional (2D) analysis of the bone mineral density (BMD). 3D reconstruction methods from 2D DXA images could improve the BMD analysis. To find the optimal configuration that should be used in clinical routine, this paper relies on a 3D reconstruction method from DXA images to compare the accuracy that...

BACKGROUND In cases of poor bone quality, intraoperative torque measurement might be an alternative to preoperative dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess bone quality in total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS Trabecular peak torque measurement was applied in 14 paired fresh frozen human femurs. Here, a 6.5 × 23 mm wingblade was inserted into the proximal femur without harming the la...

abstract Children with a deficit of growth because perinatal malnutrition present specificities in the percentage body fat (%BF) that could not be detected by previous mass-based equations. This study developed and validated predictive equations %BF derived from anthropometric variables children aged 7 to 10 living Northeast Brazil, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference. Bod...