Objectives: To evaluate the outcome of intramedullary nail and plate fixation for the treatment of extra-articular fractures of the distal tibia and to determine whether there are sufficient objective data in the literature to compare the two methods. Methodology: A comprehensive search of all relevant articles from Jan 1975 to Dec 2011 was conducted. Two reviewers evaluated each study to deter...

A Japanese baby was born with a polypoidal projection with hair, on the lateral corner of upper eyelid. The tumour had extent to bulbar sub-conjunctival area. He presented no other malformation nor pathological symptoms. There was no sign of association with Goldenhar, hemifacial macrosomia, epidermal nevus or linear nevus sebaceous syndromes. The tumour was resected at his age of 4 months. The...

BACKGROUND We report two patients with chronic postcraniotomy headache who showed rapid alleviation of pain after removal of titanium miniplates. CASE DESCRIPTION (Case 1) A 26-year-old woman underwent a right frontal craniotomy and excision of the entire cerebral cavernous malformation. Eleven years later, she developed headache. The titanium plate was removed and the patient presented compl...

Freezing injury to the cortical plate at postnatal day (P) 1 initiates a cascade of events that ultimately result in a focal neocortical malformation resembling human 4-layered microgyria. This malformation has been associated with widespread changes in neocortical and thalamic architecture and physiology. It was hypothesized that at least some of these alterations could result from connectiona...

Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is the result of embryonic ductal plate malformation of the intrahepatic biliary tree. The phenotype consists of numerous cysts spread throughout the liver parenchyma. Cystic bile duct malformations originating from the peripheral biliary tree are called Von Meyenburg complexes (VMC). In these patients embryonic remnants develop into small hepatic cysts and usuall...

Anaplastology ISSN: 2161-1173 Anaplastology, an open access journal Volume 2 • Issue 5 • 1000121 Today 3DM and RP techniques are widely employed to support planning in different types of surgery especially involving mandible malformation or defects such as bilateral sagittal split osteotomies [5] or chin repositioning by pre-bending titanium plates on the printed model [6]. RP models have also ...

Causes of neonatal cholestasis are varied and complex with biliary sludge representing a rare etiology. Biliary sludge has been reported in association with metabolic disorders, biliary malformation, hormonal effect, and medication effect amongst others. Herein we report a case of cholestasis secondary to biliary sludge associated with recent use of diflucan (fluconazole). An infant presented o...

INTRODUCTION Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM ...

Hox genes are critical regulators of skeletal development and Hox9-13 paralogs, specifically, are necessary for appendicular development along the proximal to distal axis. Loss of function of both Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 results in severe malformation of the forelimb zeugopod. In the radius and ulna of these mutants, chondrocyte development is perturbed, growth plates are not established, and skeleta...

Hox genes are critical regulators of skeletal development and Hox9-13 paralogs, specifically, are necessary for appendicular development along the proximal to distal axis. Loss of function of both Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 results in severe malformation of the forelimb zeugopod. In the radius and ulna of these mutants, chondrocyte development is perturbed, growth plates are not established, and skeleta...