The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of wet ice (WI), dry ice (DI), and cryogenic packs (CGPs) to reduce and maintain the reduction of skin temperature directly under the cooling agent and to determine whether the cooling effect on skin extended beyond the surface area in contact with the cooling agent. Ten female volunteers participated in the study, and each of ...

This work presents the optimization of the operation of a concentrated solar power plant with dry cooling over a year, evaluating the molten salts storage, the power block and the air cooling system as a function of the climate and atmospheric conditions. We locate the plant in the south of Europe, Almería (Spain), due to the high solar irradiation and for comparison purposes with a wet cooling...

The cases of contact dermatitis due to using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) towel containing isothiazolinone preservatives have been reported in Japan and we had investigated the concentrations of isothiazolinones and the removal of these preservatives from PVA towels by washing before initial use in the previous study conducted from 2011 to 2012. However, the clinical information regarding contact de...

Design of a natural dry cooling tower has been accomplished in two sections: the design of heat exchangers and the numerical solution of flow through the tower. Heat exchanger (Heller type) has been simulated thermodynamically and then coupled with a computer program, which calculated the turbulent natural convection flow through the tower. The computer program developed for this purpose can be...

This study provides, for the first time, an evaluation of the physicochemical properties of batch cooling crystallized mannitol particles combined with how these properties correlated with the inhalation performance from a dry powder inhaler (Aerolizer). The results showed that the type of polymorph changed from β-form (commercial mannitol) to mixtures of β+ δ-mannitol (cooling crystallized man...

Micro-alloyed steel components are used in automotive industry for the necessity to make the manufacturing process cycles shorter when compared to conventional steel by eliminating heat treatment cycles, so an important saving of costs and energy can be reached by reducing the number of operations. Microalloying elements like vanadium, niobium or titanium have been added to medium carbon steels...

BACKGROUND Heat stress adversely affects the physiological and metabolic status, and the productive performance of buffalo. METHODS The present study was conducted to explicate the effect of misting and wallowing cooling strategies during heat stress in lactating Murrah buffalo. The study was conducted for three months (May-July) of which first two months were hot dry and last month was hot h...

We examined thermoregulatory behaviors in a wild population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) inhabiting a highly seasonal dry forest in Santa Rosa National Park (SRNP), Costa Rica. The dry season in SRNP lasts approximately 5 months and is characterized by high ambient temperatures regularly exceeding 37 degrees C, low relative humidity, and the near absence of precipitation. This stu...