Separation of solids from fluid is a vital process to achieve the desired level of purification in industry. Contaminant filtration is a common process in a variety of applications in industry. Clogging of filter phenomena is the primary failure mode leading to replacement or cleansing of filter. Reduced performance and efficiency or cascading failures are the unfortunate outcomes of a clogged ...

In this chapter, we consider the estimation of a dynamical system over a wireless fading channel using a Kalman filter. We develop a framework for understanding the impact of stochastic communication noise, packet drop and the knowledge available on the link qualities on Kalman filtering over fading channels. We consider three cases of “full knowledge”, “no knowledge” and “partial knowledge”, b...

In this paper, effects of the structural parameters on the optical characteristics of an add-drop filter, consisting of two straight waveguides and a micro-ring resonator (MRR), have been investigated. In this research, effects of MRR radius, the width of MRR and waveguide and the gap between MRR and waveguide, on free spectral range (FSR) and coupling coefficient have been studied. It is found...

Photonic crystal ring resonators (PCRRs) are traditional structures fordesigning optical channel drop filters. In this paper, Photonic crystal channel drop filter(CDFs) with a new configuration of ring resonator is presented. The structure is made ofa square lattice of silicon rods with the refractive index nsi=3. 4 which are perforated inair with refractive index nair=1. Calculations of band s...

OBJECTIVES To examine the associations among cigarette design features and tar yields of leading cigarette brands sold in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom. METHODS Government reports and numbers listed on packs were used to obtain data on International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/Federal Trade Commission (FTC) yields for the tar of 172 cigarette varieties...

In this paper, Using a 2D photonic crystal and a novel square ring resonator,several compact and simple structures have been introduced in the present paper toconstruct optical add/drop filters and multi-channel filter. The difference structures hasbeen designed and simulated by using the proposed square ring resonator and differentdropping waveguides. To do analyses, th...

SIMULATION OF DUST CAKE BUILD-UP ON THE FILTER MEDIUM This section describes a physical model for cake and pressure build-up on candle filters. The model was aimed at investigating filtration operation and reverse pulse cleaning of the filter. It is useful to calculate the filter cake thickness and pressure drop along the filter candle. Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of filter cake build-...

The exponentially decaying acoustic pressure of scattered surface acoustic waves (SAWs) at the contact line of a liquid film pinned to filter paper is shown to sustain a high curvature conic tip with micron-sized modulations whose dimension grows exponentially from the tip. The large negative capillary pressure in the film, necessary for offsetting the large positive acoustic pressure at the co...

We report on evanescently coupled rectangular microresonators with dimensions up to 20 × 10 μm2 in silicon-on-insulator in an add-drop filter configuration. The influence of the geometrical parameters of the device was experimentally characterized and a high Q value of 13,000 was demonstrated as well as the multimode optical resonance characteristics in the drop port. We also show a 95% energy ...

In this paper, a new design of optical channel drop filter based on two- dimensional photonic crystal ring resonators with triangular lattice is proposed. The rods of this structure is silicon with the refractive index 3.46 and the surrounding environment is air with the refractive index of 1.The widest photonic band gap obtained is for filling ratio of r/a = 0.2. The filter’s transmission spec...