In the modeling of solids the free energy, the energy, and the entropy play a central role. We show that the free entropy, which is defined as the negative of the free energy divided by the temperature, is similarly important. The derivatives of the free energy are suitable thermodynamical driving forces for reversible (i.e. Hamiltonian) parts of the dynamics, while for the dissipative parts th...

researches in exploring of driving forces of regional endogenous development, concentrate on subjects which have been so controversial. regional endogenous development (red), together with other core regional development concepts, is usually focused on the sub-national regional development process of the home country. this paper attempts to conceptualize and examine regional endogenous developm...

Determining the driving forces of economic growth has a paramount importance in economic studies. Early studies suggested physical capital accumulation as the main driving force of growth. However, the recent studies try to resolve the flaws of neo classical school on growth by expanding the concept of capital equipment and machinery to a wider range of human knowledge, on one hand, and in...