Metamorphic index mineral zones, pressure– temperature (P–T) conditions, and CO2–H2O fluid compositions were determined for metacarbonate layers within the Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained in the Acadian orogeny and increase from 420 C and 6.5 kb in the low-grade greenschist facies to 610 C and 9.5 kb in the amphibolite facies. The index minerals olig...

The cycling of carbon between Earth's surface and interior governs the long-term habitability of the planet. But how carbon migrates in the deep Earth is not well understood. In particular, the potential role of hydrocarbon fluids in the deep carbon cycle has long been controversial. Here we show that immiscible isobutane forms in situ from partial transformation of aqueous sodium acetate at 30...

The tectono-metamorphic evolution of the European Alps is still contentious. Monte Rosa tectonic unit a prominent nappe in Central and estimates its peak Alpine pressure (P) temperature (T) conditions are essential for reconstructing evolution. However, reported vary considerably between 1.2 2.7 GPa 490 640°C variety lithologies. Here, we show petrology pseudosection modelling metapelitic assem...

Microscopic robots could perform tasks with high spatial precision, such as acting on preciselytargeted cells in biological tissues. Some tasks may benefit from robots that change shape, such as elongating to improve chemical gradient sensing or contracting to squeeze through narrow channels. This paper evaluates the energy dissipation for shape-changing (i.e., metamorphic) robots whose size is...

Rayleigh distillation models are developed to describe theoretical growth zoning of Lu, Hf, Rb, Sr, Sm, and Nd in typical garnet crystals from metapelites and metabasites. Effects of diffusion-limited transport within the matrix and intracrystalline diffusion are also considered qualitatively. Theoretical zoning profiles show strong depletions of Lu in garnet rims compared to cores, but virtual...