In recent years, decision analysis has become an important technique in many disciplines. It provides a methodology for rational decision-making allowing for uncertainties in the outcome of several possible actions to be undertaken. An example in urban drainage is the situation in which an engineer has to decide upon a major reconstruction of a system in order to prevent pollution of receiving ...

The cortical venous drainage from carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is associated with increased risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage and may be the clue for the urgent indication of an endovascular treatment [1]. However it is difficult to infer direction of venous drainage from the clinical signs or symptoms of a patient with CCF. The source images of magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) may usefu...

OBJECTIVES The Monti catheterizable channel is used as an integral part of continent bladder reconstruction in children. We have updated our ongoing experience at Riley Children's Hospital with 199 patients. METHODS We identified 199 patients for retrospective review, including all patients for whom a Monti ileovesicostomy was created from January 1997 to August 2004. We assessed the complica...

 Background: Proposing a strategy for sellar reconstruction in endoscopic transsphenoidal transsellar approach for pituitary adenoma. Methods: 240 patients with pituitary adenoma underwent pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. Intra-operative CSF leaks were classified as grade 0, no observable leak grade 1, CSF dripping through an arachnoid membrane defect of less than 1 ...

abstract background: several case studies have described the use of the superficial inferior epigastric artery (siea) flap as a pedicled flap for reconstruction of upper and lower ex tremities, or a free fasciocutaneous flap when a large amount of skin coverage is required for hemifacial atrophy, breast or head and neck reconstruction. apparently, the anatomical findings of previous studies are...

Abstract The therapeutic usage of EUS is being developed. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUSBD) a recognized viable replacement for percutaneous transhepatic (PTBD) in severe cases with the obstructive disease having ERCP failure due to cannulation or those surgically altered anatomies, such as hepatico-jejunal anastomosis following Billroth II reconstruction, Roux-en-Y limb, Whipple procedure, g...

Background. Sarcoma is a rare malignancy, and more recent management algorithms emphasize a multidisciplinary approach and limb salvage, which has resulted in an increase in overall survival and limb preservation. However, limb salvage has resulted in a higher rate of wound complications. Objective. To compare the complications between immediate and delayed (>three weeks) reconstruction in the ...

Background. To evaluate the effect of timing of management and intervention on outcomes of bile duct injury. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 92 patients between 1991 and 2011. Data concerned patient's demographic characteristics, type of injury (according to Strasberg classification), time to referral, diagnostic procedures, timing of surgical management, and final outcome. T...