BACKGROUND/AIMS All blood drainage from the retina is thought to occur through the central retinal vein with rare, if any, exceptions. A chance observation of a specimen in which this pattern did not apply suggested that the subject required review. METHODS An optic nerve head, identified from an earlier study as possessing an unconventional venous drainage arrangement, was examined histologi...

BACKGROUND Recently a causal relation between internal jugular vein valve incompetence (IJVVI) and transient global amnesia (TGA) has been suggested. IJVVI is postulated to provoke a transient mesiotemporal ischaemia by venous congestion. This mechanism requires a patent venous pathway from the affected IJV through the transverse sinus, confluens, straight sinus (SS), vein of Galen into the bas...

UNLABELLED Elimination of interstitial fluid and solutes plays a role in homeostasis in the brain, but the pathways are unclear. Previous work suggests that interstitial fluid drains along the walls of arteries. AIMS to define the pathways within the walls of capillaries and arteries for drainage of fluid and solutes out of the brain. METHODS Fluorescent soluble tracers, dextran (3 kDa) and...

Extracting coal mine methane (CMM) is important for underground mining safety. The tree-type borehole drainage (TTBD) technique can effectively remove from seams. Determining a suitable drilling pattern multiple boreholes will promote the efficient application of this in mines. Aimed at solving problem that optimum extraction layout unclear, study first constructed full-coupled thermo-hydro-mec...

recently, design of cropping pattern based on water resources is getting a high priority. this scheme is complicated, and affected by multiple factors. for investigation, designer must gather a huge data, and classify them. the method of processing and analyzing of the information is important. the method of linear programming based on lingo software for hendijan irrigation and drainage network...

To analyze the dynamic curve of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–related indices in cases postoperative meningitis after selective craniotomy and to provide reference data for clinical treatment with lumbar cistern drainage (LCD). We conducted a retrospective study LCD placement 51 patients. Primary outcomes measured included changes body temperature before intervention biochemical parameters over cou...

The current assessment is an undertaking to evaluateand compare variousmorphometric parameters of the Baur catchment. Morphometric analysis river basin provides a quantitative description drainage system, which important aspect categorization (Strahler, 1964).The catchment located in outer part Lesser Himalaya Kumaun region, major Western Himalaya.The geographical area Catchment 106.233Km2.Morp...

BACKGROUND The cavernous sinus communicates with several para-cavernous sinus venous structures, receiving blood flow from the superficial middle cerebral vein (SMCV), the sphenoparietal sinus (SPS), and the superior ophthalmic vein, and draining into the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses and pterygoid and basilar plexuses. Anatomic variations of these veins have been previously reported; ...

The Quchan fault is located in Quchan - Shirvan area which is a part of Chenaran- Bojnourd plain in Kopeh-Dagh zone, NE Iran. The Quchan active fault with northwest – southeast trending is one of the most important strike-slip faults in the area which its activity led to the numerous historical and instrumental earthquakes. The Neo-tectonic activities of this fault are investigated by the drain...