‎In this paper we first obtain the non-Riemannian Randers metrics of Douglas type on two-step homogeneous nilmanifolds of dimension five‎. ‎Then we explicitly give the flag curvature formulae and the $S$-curvature formulae for the Randers metrics of Douglas type on these spaces‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we prove that the only simply connected five-dimensional two-step homogeneous Randers nilmanifolds of D...

Agricultural Extension Services (AES) aim to improve farming knowledge that helps in increasing crop production and the technical efficiency of paddy farmers Bangladesh. The purposes this study are measure impact an AES, namely, Blue Gold programme, on level Boro southwest rural A total 122 were interviewed, employing a random sampling method. To analyse farmers, Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontie...

Vegetable production constitutes an important sub-sector of the agricultural economy of KwaZulu-Natal. Most vegetables are cultivated in mixed-cropping types of farming systems. The technical efficiency of vegetable based cropping systems was estimated in order to identify the potential increase in production without incurring additional costs. The factors affecting technical efficiency and con...

One of the main purposes of the frontier literature is to estimate inefficiency. Given this objective, it is unfortunate that the issue of estimating “firm-specific” inefficiency in cross sectional context has not received much attention. To estimate firm-specific (technical) inefficiency, the standard procedure is to use the mean of the inefficiency term conditional on the entire composed erro...

This study aims to estimate the production function of black grape farming. The research was conducted in Buleleng Regency. area taken purposively. sample village is Kalianget Village. size 33 farmers. Sampling done by Simple Random method. data used were primary and secondary data. Data analysis method Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier model. results showed that cultivation technology relativel...

The article focuses on evaluating the technical efficiency of garlic production in northwest Ethiopia. average yield region was lower than its potential, indicating a need to improve farming practices. Data were collected from 359 producers using random sampling. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier function used estimate efficiency, which found be 73%. This means that about 27% potential output lo...