objectives: one of the factors predicting language impairments is an early limited lexicon in children. an early limited lexicon can also lead to limited performances in other language areas. this study was aimed to examine receptive and expressive vocabulary in 8-16 month-old children with cleft lip and palate as a predictor of development in other language areas. materials: the macarthur-bate...

Background: Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. It also causes pigmentation of oral mucosa. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of smoking on lip and gingival pigmentation and periodontal status and the relationship between pigmentation and periodontal parameters. Methods: A total of 109 smokers and an equal number of non-smoker controls (mean a...

For double trigonometric Fourier series, Móricz and Rhoades studied the rate of uniform approximation by Nörlund means of the rectangular partial sums of double Fourier series of a function belonging to the class Lipα (0 < α 1) [12] and the class of continuous functions [13], on the two-dimensional torus. As a special case, they obtained the rate of uniform approximation by double Cesàro means....

lip pits are among the rarest congenital deformities recorded. initially reported in 1845, it’s familial occurrence has been reported just once. these developmental anomalies occur either as an isolated defect or in association with other developmental deformities including cleft lip, cleft palate or both. it may be located at the commisures of the lips or in the midline of the lower lip. it is...

BACKGROUND Vermilion irregularities are common secondary deformities after cleft lip repair, regressed or resected hemangiomas, trauma and tumor surgeries. Vermilion deficiency attracts considerable attention and detracts from an otherwise excellent lip repair. Minor and moderate vermilion defects can be corrected with upper lip advancement, rotation flaps, tongue flaps or grafts. Major defect...

Canalicular adenoma is an uncommon benign salivary gland neoplasm that has a marked predilection for occurrence in the upper lip. It is composed of columnar cells arranged in branching and interconnecting cords of single or double cell thick rows. This tumor has an excellent prognosis after conservative surgical treatment in all locations. In the present report we describe, using immunohistoche...

After cleft lip repair, many patients suffer from nasolabial fistulas, asymmetrical nasal floor, or an indistinct nostril sill, as well as intraoral wound dehiscence and subsequent scar contracture of surgical wounds leading to vestibular stenosis. For successful primary nasolabial repair of complete cleft deformity of the primary palate, cleft surgeons need special care in reconstructing the s...

one of the most important goals of orthodontic treatment is to create an esthetic, well balanced facial profile. however, the components of a well-balanced iranian facial profile have not yet been established. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the anteroposterior lip position of the iranian population and to compare the perception of orthodontists, dental students and orthodontic patien...