Digestive organs originate from the endoderm. Morphogenesis of the digestive system is precisely controlled by multiple factors that dictate the cell fate and behavior so that the specific digestive organs are timely formed in the right place and develop into right size and structure. We showed previously that digestive organ expansion factor (def) is a gene whose expression is enriched in the ...

Localization microscopy has shown to be capable of systematic investigations on the arrangement and counting of cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles (GNP) with nanometer resolution. In this article, we show that the application of specially modified RNA targeting gold nanoparticles ("SmartFlares") can result in ring like shaped GNP arrangements around the cell nucleus. Transmission electron mi...

Digestive organ expansion factor (Def) is a nucleolar protein that plays dual functions: it serves as a component of the ribosomal small subunit processome for the biogenesis of ribosomes and also mediates p53 degradation through the cysteine proteinase calpain-3 (CAPN3). However, nothing is known about the exact relationship between Def and CAPN3 or the regulation of the Def function. In this ...

APETALA3 (AP3)/DEFICIENS (DEF) is a MADS-box transcription factor that is involved in establishing the identity of petal and stamen floral organs. The AP3/DEF gene lineage has been extensively examined throughout the angiosperms in order to better understand its role in floral diversity and evolution. As a result, a large number of cloned AP3/DEF orthologues are available, which can be used for...

This paper investigates hedge funds’ exposures to various financial and macroeconomic risk factors through alternative measures of factor betas and examines the performance of these factor betas in predicting the cross-sectional variation in hedge fund returns. The results indicate a positive and significant link between default premium beta (DEF beta) and future hedge fund returns as well as a...

Objective(s): Taking advantage of high atomic number of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiation dose absorbing, many in vitro and in vivo studies have been carried out on using them as radio-sensitizer. In spite of noticeable dose enhancement by GNPs at keV energies, using this energy range for radiotherapy of deep-seated tumors is outdated. The aim of the present work was to examine the effect ...

The linearity of dose–mortality responses was accepted (Chi square analysis P > 0.05) for S-Lab and Jendouba population (slope regression is 3.42 for S-Lab with Heterogeneity factor equal to 1 and 2.15 for Jendouba population with Heterogeneity factor equal to 5.01). RR at LC50 (RR50) showed that the sample was resistant to chlorpyrifos. The RR50 reached very high level with chlorpyrifos (RR50 ...

nloaded ticular germ cell tumors (TGCT) originate from germ cells. The 129-Ter and M19 (129.MOLF-Chr19 mic) mouse strains have extremely high incidences of TGCTs. We found that the expression levels of coded splicing factor 1 (SF1) can modulate the incidence of TGCTs. We generated mice with inactivated null mice (Sf1−/−) died before birth. Mice with one intact allele of Sf1 (Sf1+/−) were viable...

Effects of the synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on propoxur pharmacokinetics were examined in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Treatment of adult male German cockroaches with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, PBO, or the esterase inhibitor, DEF, increased propoxur toxicity by 2- and 6.8-fold, respectively, implicating hyd...

MAPK phosphorylation of various substrates is mediated by the presence of docking sites, including the D domain and the DEF motif. Depending on the number and sequences of these domains, substrates are phosphorylated by specific subsets of MAPKs. For example, a D domain targets JNK to c-Jun, whereas a DEF motif is required for ERK phosphorylation of c-Fos. JunD, in contrast, contains both D and...