‎A total dominating set of a graph $G$ is a set $D$ of vertices of $G$ such that every vertex of $G$ has a neighbor in $D$‎. ‎The total domination number of a graph $G$‎, ‎denoted by $gamma_t(G)$‎, ‎is~the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of $G$‎. ‎Chellali and Haynes [Total and paired-domination numbers of a tree, AKCE International ournal of Graphs and Combinatorics 1 (2004)‎, ‎6...

In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...

For any integer k ≥ 1, a signed (total) k-dominating function is a function f : V (G) → {−1, 1} satisfying w∈N [v] f(w) ≥ k ( P w∈N(v) f(w) ≥ k) for every v ∈ V (G), where N(v) = {u ∈ V (G)|uv ∈ E(G)} and N [v] = N(v)∪{v}. The minimum of the values ofv∈V (G) f(v), taken over all signed (total) k-dominating functions f, is called the signed (total) k-domination number and is denoted by γkS(G) (γ...

This paper surveys recent development of concepts related to coloring signed graphs. Various approaches are presented and discussed.

‎a total dominating set of a graph $g$ is a set $d$ of vertices of $g$ such that every vertex of $g$ has a neighbor in $d$‎. ‎the total domination number of a graph $g$‎, ‎denoted by $gamma_t(g)$‎, ‎is~the minimum cardinality of a total dominating set of $g$‎. ‎chellali and haynes [total and paired-domination numbers of a tree, akce international ournal of graphs and combinatorics 1 (2004)‎, ‎6...

Let G be a simple connected graph. The transmission of any vertex v of a graph G is defined as the sum of distances of a vertex v from all other vertices in a graph G. Then the distance signless Laplacian matrix of G is defined as D^{Q}(G)=D(G)+Tr(G), where D(G) denotes the distance matrix of graphs and Tr(G) is the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions of G. For a given minimum dominating se...

A subset D of vertices of a graph G is a dominating set if for each u ∈ V (G) \ D, u is adjacent to somevertex v ∈ D. The domination number, γ(G) ofG, is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A setD ⊆ V (G) is a total dominating set if for eachu ∈ V (G), u is adjacent to some vertex v ∈ D. Thetotal domination number, γt (G) of G, is theminimum cardinality of a total dominating set o...

This paper studies learning meaningful node representations for signed graphs, where both positive and negative links exist. problem has been widely studied by meticulously designing expressive graph neural networks, as well capturing the structural information of through traditional structure decomposition methods, e.g., spectral theory. In this paper, we propose a novel representation framewo...

The energy of signed graph is the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Two signed graphs are said to be equienergetic if they have same energy. In the literature the construction of equienergetic signed graphs are reported. In this paper we obtain the characteristic polynomial and energy of the join of two signed graphs and thereby we give another construction ...