Microbial production of citric acid was performed by Yarrowia lipolytica NBRC 1658 and a domestic strain in the media containing glucose or fructose as substrates. The study was carried out in a batch system. The non-competitive substrate inhibition model was proposed for growth of the yeasts in both substrate media. Higher dry mass and lower Ks values were obtained in glucose media when compar...

The paper examines heat stress and its adverse effects as a hindrance to profitable poultry production in the tropics, with emphasis on the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. It elucidates the general negative effects of heat stress on physiological parameters of domestic chickens, and the specific impact of the stress on reproduction in the tropics. The deleterious effects are expressed...

This study adopts a GNP function approach in order to examine the impact of migrant labour on domestic factors of production in the United Kingdom. We also examine the relationship between imports and migrants, which are two different facets of globalisation. We find that an increase in the number of unskilled migrants reduces the wages of unskilled domestic workers. However the quantitative im...

Because of human and livestock population growth, changes in livestock production, the emergence of worldwide agro-food networks, and significant changes in personal mobility, human populations increasingly share a global commons of disease risk, among themselves and with domestic and wild animal species. To elucidate the linkage between livestock production and global public health, this paper...

Iceland and Trinidad and Tobago are small open, high-income island economies with very specific resource-use patterns. This article presents a material flow analysis (MFA) for the two countries covering a time period of nearly five decades. Both countries have a narrow domestic resource base, their economy being largely based on the exploitation of one or two key resources for export production...

The purpose of this paper is to examine two factors, gold production and export prices, that have been suggested as having aided Australia's escape from the deflation it faced in the early 1890s. In order to examine the factors influencing Australian domestic prices in the second half of the nineteenth century, annual data over the period 1861-1900 are used to estimate a structural vector autor...

this research was conducted in the west forest of guilan, northern iran. data from various harvesting methods for 20 years were collected. results showed that, productivity rate of round wood, pulp wood and fuel wood has had an upward trend, while rate of traditional products (lumber, sawn wood, charcoal, etc.) has had a downward trend. production cost has been investigated in this research. th...

INTRODUCTION Firearm violence injures or kills 100,000 Americans each year. This paper applies the Host-Agent-Vector-Environment model to this issue. Research on firearm violence tends to focus on two elements-the host (i.e., victims of firearm violence) and the environment (i.e., gun policies)-but little attention has been paid to the agent (the gun and ammunition) or the vector (firearm manuf...

After decades of practice and development, the GMP of drug production has entered the cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) era. In 21st century, PAT has become one of the new trends in the reform of the United States cGMP. In order to learn from foreign pharmaceutical quality control and production management experience, in this paper, the concept of PAT was introduced, the background of ...