In mammals, there is a complex and intriguing relationship between DNA repair and gametogenesis. DNA repair mechanisms are involved not only in the repair of different types of DNA damage in developing germline cells, but also take part in the meiotic recombination process. Furthermore, the DNA repair mechanisms should tolerate mutations occurring during gametogenesis, to a limited extent. In t...

DNA repair is an essential cellular process required to maintain genomic stability. Every cell is subjected to thousands of DNA lesions daily under normal physiological conditions. Ionizing radiation (IR) is a major DNA damaging agent that can be produced by both natural and man-made sources. A common source of radiation exposure is through its use in medical diagnostics or treatments such as f...

Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the devastating childhood cancers. Radiation therapy (RT) remains only effective treatment yet provides a 5-year survival rate 1%. Several clinical trials have attempted to enhance RT efficacy by combining it with radiosensitizing agents, though none been successful in doing so. Given this, there critical need identify therapeutics anti...

DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in mammalian cells is dependent on the Ku DNA binding protein complex. However, the mechanism of Ku-mediated repair is not understood. We discovered a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene (KU80) that is structurally similar to the 80-kDa mammalian Ku subunit. Ku8O associates with the product of the HDF1 gene, forming the major DNA end-binding complex of yeast cells...

DNA damage causes chromosomal instability leading to oncogenesis, apoptosis, and severe failure of cell functions. The DNA repair system includes base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, translesion replication, non-homologous end-joining, and recombinational repair. Homologous recombination performs the recombinational repair. The gene is an ortholog of , and the gene...

down's syndrome (ds) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in human. subjects with ds are known to be peridisposed to develop leukemia. the molecular basis of the association between ds and leukemia is unknown. the unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) test measure the ability of dna-repair in mammalian cells after excision of a stretch of dna containing the region of damage induced by chem...

BACKGROUND Current strategies for gene therapy of inherited diseases consist in adding functional copies of the gene that is defective. An attractive alternative to these approaches would be to correct the endogenous mutated gene in the affected individual. This study presents a quantitative comparison of the repair efficiency using different forms of donor nucleic acids, including synthetic DN...

Chimeric oligonucleotides are synthetic molecules comprised of RNA and DNA bases assembled in a double hairpin conformation. These molecules have been shown to direct gene conversion events in mammalian cells and animals through a process involving at least one protein from the DNA mismatch repair pathway. The mechanism of action for gene repair in mammalian cells has been partially elucidated ...

Background: DNA polymerase β (pol β) is a key enzyme of base excision repair pathway. It is a 1-kb gene consisting of 14 exons. Its catalytic part lies between exon 8 and exon 14. Exon 12 has a role in deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate selection for nucleotide transferase activity. Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from ovarian carcinoma samples. Single strand conformation polymorphism...

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress constitutes one of the significant cause of vaso-occlusive clinical episodes in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. It brings about the generation of reactive oxygen species and consequent damage to DNA. DNA damage repair genes such as hOGG1, XRCC1 and p53 play an important role in the repair of DNA damage during oxidative stress. However, it is not known as to the r...